Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome

Maury, Eléonore; Ramsey, Kathryn Moynihan; Bass, Joseph

doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.208355

Cited by 422 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 257 publications

(285 reference statements)

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“…Moreover it remains to be explored whether Per3 directly influences T2DM or indirectly through altered sleep/wake cycles or by any other unknown mechanism that remains unidentified. Indeed, besides circadian changes, other causative factors for the onset of T2DM must be considered, including insulin resistance in liver and abnormal adipogenesis [35], less physical inactivity [14], sleep loss [17,36], sedentary lifestyle [14,37], and high amount of food intake and/or high calorie food consumption [16]. In any event, the findings reported herein are compatible with the hypothesis that Per3 five repeat allele is associated with a greater risk of T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In humans, the onset of T2DM is recognized to be multifactorial and related to, among other processes, the timing and extent of food intake and physical exercise [12][13][14], sleep duration, and circadian desynchronization [15][16][17][18]. Yet, whether there is any association of the Per3 alleles with T2DM and obesity in humans remains to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Per3 length polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ramanujam

Marimuthu

Sooriyakumar

et al. 2013

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Background: A number of observations support the involvement of circadian clock genes in the regulation of metabolic processes. One of these circadian genes, Per3, exhibits a variable number tandem repeat length polymorphism, consisting of two alleles, namely four and five repeat alleles, in its exon 18. The objective of this study was to examine the existence of Per3 variants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to a non T2DM control group. Methods: Intravenous blood samples were collected to obtain white blood cells from 302 T2DM patients and 330 non-diabetic, age-and sex-matched, individuals. Per3 genotyping was performed on DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Frequency of five repeat allele was higher, and that of four repeat allele lower, in T2DM patients as compared to non-diabetic controls (χ 2 = 6.977, p = 0.0082) Conclusions:The results indicate an association of Per3 five repeat allele with T2DM occurrence and suggest that individuals with five repeat allele may be at a greater risk for T2DM as compared to those carrying the four repeat allele.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per3 length polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ramanujam

Marimuthu

Sooriyakumar

et al. 2013

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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“…Enzymes regulating the stability or half-lives of the repressor components (blue) are important post-translational regulators. Adapted from Maury et al (2010). coupling to the circadian oscillator, which generates self-sustaining, robust rhythms, these transcriptional networks persist even under constant conditions.…”

Section: Transcriptional Network Of the Hepatic Circadian Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

Schmutz

Albrecht

Ripperger

2012

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The liver is the important organ to maintain energy homeostasis of an organism. To achieve this, many biochemical reactions run in this organ in a rhythmic fashion. An elegant way to coordinate the temporal expression of genes for metabolic enzymes relies in the link to the circadian timing system. In this fashion not only a maximum of synchronization is achieved, but also anticipation of daily recurring events is possible. Here we will focus on the input and output pathways of the hepatic circadian oscillator and discuss the recently found flexibility of its circadian transcriptional networks.

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“…Weaker rhythmicity implies a lower signal-to-noise ratio, 42 which might affect the computation of amplitude and acrophase, Body temperature and obesity G Piccione et al but there is no a priori reason why the amplitude should be enhanced or the acrophase should be delayed in obese animalsFor, for that matter, why obese dogs should exhibit weaker rhythmicity than lean ones. There is some evidence that disruption of circadian organization may facilitate the development of obesity, [43][44][45] and it is possible that the delayed acrophase in obese dogs reflects internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Simultaneous recording of many variables in lean and obese dogs might review differences in internal order associated with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs

et al. 2010

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Background: Industrialized nations are currently experiencing an obesity epidemic, the causes of which are not fully known. One possible mechanism of enhanced energy efficiency that has received almost no attention is a reduction in the metabolic cost of homeothermy, which could be achieved by a modest lowering of body core temperature. We evaluated the potential of this obesity-inducing mechanism in a canine model of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We compared the rectal temperature of lean dogs and obese dogs by (a) conducting cross-sectional measurements in 287 dogs of many breeds varying greatly in body size, (b) conducting longitudinal measurements in individual dogs over 7-10 years and (c) tracking rectal temperature of lean and obese dogs at 3-h intervals for 48 consecutive hours in the laboratory. Results: We found that larger dogs have lower rectal temperatures than smaller dogs and that, for the same body mass, obese dogs have lower rectal temperatures than lean dogs. The results were consistent in the cross-sectional, longitudinal and aroundthe-clock measurements. Conclusion: These findings document an association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs and support the hypothesis that obesity in this and other species of homeotherms may result from an increase in metabolic efficiency achieved by a regulated lowering of body temperature.

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Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 422 publications

References 257 publications

Per3 length polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Per3 length polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

Association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs

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