Circadian timed episodic-like memory – a bee knows what to do when,and also where

Pahl, Mario; Zhu, Hong; Pix, Waltraud; Tautz, Juergen; Zhang, Shao Wu

doi:10.1242/jeb.005488

Cited by 88 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, recent work has shown that honey bee foragers apparently can 'plan their activities in both time and space' -they can choose the correct visual pattern within the proper context (associated with either the food source or the hive), and these combinations of factors can change according to time of day (Zhang et al, 2006). Honey bees link a number of cues (circadian time, location, color and visual pattern) into an integrated whole, forming a so-called 'circadian timed episodic-like memory' (Pahl et al, 2007). Most recently, Najera and colleagues showed that forager honey bees can switch from one auxiliary feeder to another in an array of feeders depending on the presence or absence of food at a primary feeder and the learned time of day of food availability at three auxiliary feeders, each feeder offering food at a different time of day (Najera et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence, reticence, and the management of multiple time memories by forager honey bees

Wagner

Nest

Hobbs

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYHoney bee foragers form time memories that enable them to match their foraging activity to the time of day when a particular food source is most productive. Persistent foragers show food-anticipatory activity by making reconnaissance flights to the previously productive food source and may continue to inspect it for several days. In contrast, reticent foragers do not investigate the source but wait for confirmation from returning persistent foragers. To determine how persistent and reticent foragers might contribute to the colonyʼs ability to rapidly reallocate foragers among sources, we trained foragers to collect sucrose from a feeder at a restricted time of day for several days and then observed their behavior for three consecutive days during which the feeder was empty. In two separate trials, video monitoring of the hive entrance during unrewarded test days in parallel with observing reconnaissance visits to the feeder revealed a high level of activity, in both persistent and reticent foragers, thought to be directed at other food sources. This ʻextracurricularʼ activity showed a high degree of temporal overlap with reconnaissance visits to the feeder. In some cases, inspection flights to the unrewarded feeder were made within the same trip to an extracurricular source, indicating that honey bees have the ability to manage at least two different time memories despite coincidence with respect to time of day. The results have major implications for understanding flower fidelity throughout the day, flower constancy within individual foraging excursions, and the sophisticated cognitive management of spatiotemporal memories in honey bees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that forager honey bees are capable of organizing complex sets of information and associating each set with a different time of day (Zhang et al, 2006;Pahl et al, 2007). In other words, foragers 'plan' their day according to a sophisticated appointment book.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence, reticence, and the management of multiple time memories by forager honey bees

Wagner

Nest

Hobbs

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In addition, episodic memory has been investigated in invertebrates, including cuttlefish and honeybees (Jozet-Alves, Bertin, & Clayton, 2013;Pahl, Zhu, Pix, Tautz, & Zhang, 2007;Zhang, Schwarz, Pahl, Zhu, & Tautz, 2006). The approaches described in the preceding sections with rat subjects may be used in comparative studies in future research.…”

Section: Comparative Studies Of Episodic Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of episodic memory

Crystal¹

2018

CCBR

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People retrieve episodic memories about specific earlier events that happened to them. Accordingly, researchers have sought to evaluate the hypothesis that nonhumans retrieve episodic memories. The central hypothesis of an animal model of episodic memory is that, at the moment of a memory assessment, the animal retrieves a memory of the specific earlier event. Testing this hypothesis requires the elimination of nonepisodic memory hypotheses. A number of case studies focus on the development of animal models of episodic memory, including what-where-when memory, source memory, item-in-context memory, and unexpected questions. Compelling evidence for episodic memory comes from studies in which judgments of familiarity cannot produce accurate choices in memory assessments. These approaches may be used to explore the evolution of cognition. Keywords: episodic memory, what-where-when memory, source memory, binding, item-in-context memory IntroductionFundamental aspects of human cognition raise a natural question, namely, How widely distributed are elements of cognition among nonhuman animals? Exploring the distribution of cognitive processes in animals may provide insight into the evolution of cognition (Emery & Clayton, 2004;Gallistel, 1990). This review focuses on episodic memory (see Table 1). Students of human memory focus on episodic memory because it stores personal past experiences of an individual. In this respect, episodic memory is self-referencing. By contrast, other memory systems store facts without retaining other features that accompany memory storage. Moreover, students of human memory have been concerned with subjective experiences that are thought to accompany episodic memory retrieval in people (Tulving, 1985(Tulving, , 1987. However, documenting behavioral expression of a putative subjective experience is problematic in animals. This review advocates that it is profitable to focus on the content of episodic memories, rather than the subjective experiences that may accompany episodic memory. The central hypothesis of an animal model of episodic memory is that, at the moment of a memory assessment, the animal remembers back in time and retrieves a memory of the earlier event or episode (Crystal, 2013b(Crystal, , 2016a(Crystal, , 2016b). An important alternative explanation exists whenever the animal can solve the memory test without remembering back to the specific earlier event. In this review, I focus on judgments of familiarity as a primary nonepisodic memory alternative. According to this view, the presentation of a stimulus gives rise to a memory trace that passively decays as a function of time. Because the age of memories can be detected from a comparison of memory trace strengths, an animal may solve a new-old memory test by following a relatively simple rule such as, Choose the item that currently generates the lowest level of familiarity. Critically, an animal that uses judgments of relative familiarity need not retrieve an episodic memory of the earlier event (see details that follow). Oth...

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“…Pigs also recall memories of events and their performance is consistent with WWW abilities (Kouwenberg et al, 2009). Even honeybees exhibit WWW abilities in a foraging context (Pahl et al, 2007).…”

Section: Episodic Memory In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Consciousness

Neindre¹,

Bernard

Boissy

et al. 2017

EFSA Supporting Publications

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After reviewing the literature on current knowledge about consciousness in humans, we present a state-of-the art discussion on consciousness and related key concepts in animals. Obviously much fewer publications are available on non-human species than on humans, most of them relating to laboratory or wild animal species, and only few to livestock species. Human consciousness is by definition subjective and private. Animal consciousness is usually assessed through behavioural performance. Behaviour involves a wide array of cognitive processes that have to be assessed separately using specific experimental protocols. Accordingly, several processes indicative of the presence of consciousness are discussed: perception and cognition, awareness of the bodily-self, selfrelated knowledge of the environment (including social environment). When available, specific examples are given in livestock species. Next, we review the existing evidence regarding neuronal correlates of consciousness, and emphasize the difficulty of linking aspects of consciousness to specific neural structures across the phyla because high-level cognitive abilities may have evolved independently along evolution. Several mammalian brain structures (cortex and midbrain) are involved in the manifestations of consciousness, while the equivalent functional structures for birds and fishes would likely be the pallium/tectum and midbrain. Caution is required before excluding consciousness in species not having the same brain structures as the mammalian ones as different neural architectures may mediate comparable processes. Finally, specific neurophysiological mechanisms appear to be strongly linked to the emergence of consciousness, namely neural synchrony and neural feedback. Considering the limited amount of data available and the few animal species studied so far, we conclude that different manifestations of consciousness can be observed in animals but that further refinement is still needed to characterize their level and content in each species. Further research is required to clarify these issues, especially in livestock species.

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Circadian timed episodic-like memory – a bee knows what to do when,and also where

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Persistence, reticence, and the management of multiple time memories by forager honey bees

Persistence, reticence, and the management of multiple time memories by forager honey bees

Animal models of episodic memory

Animal Consciousness

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