Circadian timekeeping in hyperactive and hypertensive inbred rat strains

Rosenwasser, Alan M.; Pellowski, M. W.; Hendley, Edith D.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r787

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Running-wheel activity is intrinsically rewarding (Sherwin, 1998; Lett et al, 2000; de Visser et al, 2007), has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects (Duman et al, 2008; Salam et al, 2009), and is genetically distinct from other forms of locomotor activity (Rosenwasser et al, 1996; Bronikowski et al, 2001). Further, Kliethermes et al (2005) previously showed that ethanol vapor withdrawal produces only very transient effects on general home-cage ambulation, even in a line of mice selectively bred for high levels of ethanol withdrawal sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor on the Level and Circadian Periodicity of Running‐Wheel Activity in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ Mice

Logan¹,

McCulley²,

Seggio³

et al. 2011

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Alcohol withdrawal is associated with behavioral and chronobiological disturbances that may persist during protracted abstinence. We previously reported that C57BL/6J (B6) mice show marked but temporary reductions in running-wheel activity, and normal free-running circadian rhythms, following a 4-day chronic intermittent ethanol vapor (CIE) exposure (16 hours of ethanol vapor exposure alternating with 8 hours of withdrawal). In the present experiments, we extend these observations in two ways: (1) by examining post-CIE locomotor activity in C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice, an inbred strain characterized by high sensitivity to ethanol withdrawal, and (2) by directly comparing the responses of B6 and C3H mice to a longer-duration CIE protocol. Methods In Experiment 1, C3H mice were exposed to the same 4-day CIE protocol used in our previous study with B6 mice (referred to here as the 1-cycle CIE protocol). In Experiment 2, C3H and B6 mice were exposed to three successive 4-day CIE cycles, each separated by 2 days of withdrawal (the 3-cycle CIE protocol). Running-wheel activity was monitored prior to and following CIE, and post-CIE activity was recorded in constant darkness to allow assessment of free-running circadian period and phase. Results C3H mice displayed pronounced reductions in running-wheel activity that persisted for the duration of the recording period (up to 30 days) following both 1-cycle (Experiment 1) and 3-cycle (Experiment 2) CIE protocols. In contrast, B6 mice showed reductions in locomotor activity that persisted for about one week following the 3-cycle CIE protocol, similar to the results of our previous study using a 1-cycle protocol in this strain. Additionally, C3H mice showed significant shortening of free-running period following the 3-cycle, but not the 1-cycle, CIE protocol, while B6 mice showed normal free-running rhythms. Conclusions These results reveal genetic differences in the persistence of ethanol withdrawal-induced hypo-locomotion. In addition, chronobiological alterations during extended abstinence may depend on both genetic susceptibility and an extended prior withdrawal history. The present data establish a novel experimental model for long-term behavioral and circadian disruptions associated with ethanol withdrawal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor on the Level and Circadian Periodicity of Running‐Wheel Activity in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ Mice

Logan¹,

McCulley²,

Seggio³

et al. 2011

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Activity counts were collected in 10-min bins via VitalView software (Minimitter; V 4.0) and analyzed using ActiView software (Minimitter; V 1.0). Although running wheel activity has often been considered to represent merely an alternative method for recording general activity and response comparably to major entrainment stimuli such as food or light (e.g., Campbell and Lynch, 1968; Rosenwasser et al, 1996), the behavioral and environmental variables governing this behavior remain not well understood (Sherwin, 1998; Collier and Hirsch, 1971). Important manipulations involved in the current experiments, particularly food deprivation, may differentially affect wheel running and cage activity patterns (e.g., Treichler and Hall, 1962), reflecting the complex interactions between extrinsic motivational and intrinsic wheel running-associated incentive processes (see also Atalayer and Rowland, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Pay Attention: Attentional Performance Time-Stamped Prefrontal Cholinergic Activation, Diurnality, and Performance

2012

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Although the impairments in cognitive performance that result from shifting or disrupting daily rhythms have been demonstrated, the neuronal mechanisms that optimize fixed time daily performance are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that daily practice of a sustained attention task (SAT) evokes a diurnal activity pattern in rats. Here we report that SAT practice at a fixed time produced practice time-stamped increases in prefrontal cholinergic neurotransmission that persisted after SAT practice was terminated and in a different environment. SAT time-stamped cholinergic activation occurred irrespective of whether the SAT was practiced during the light or dark phase or in constant light conditions. In contrast, prior daily practice of an operant schedule of reinforcement, albeit generating more rewards and lever presses per session than the SAT, neither activated the cholinergic system nor affected the animals' nocturnal activity pattern. Likewise, food-restricted animals exhibited strong food anticipatory activity (FAA) and attenuated activity during the dark period but FAA was not associated with increases in prefrontal cholinergic activity. Removal of cholinergic neurons impaired SAT performance and facilitated the reemergence of nocturnality. Shifting SAT practice away from a fixed time resulted in significantly lower performance. In conclusion, these experiments demonstrated that fixed time, daily practice of a task assessing attention generates a precisely practice time-stamped activation of the cortical cholinergic input system. Time-stamped cholinergic activation benefits fixed time performance and, if practiced during the light phase, contributes to a diurnal activity pattern.

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“…Previous studies have found that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a similar or shorter free running period than the normotensive WKY rats (57,66,68). Interestingly, when the hypertensive and hyperactive traits are separated by the selective breeding of progeny from a WKY and SHR cross (26), the hypertensive substrain exhibits a shorter free running period than the hyperactive substrain (67). These data provide an indirect link between free running period and hypertension and may offer a possible explanation for the short free running period in SHR.…”

Section: Altered Activity Rhythms Under Dd Conditions In Wky Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WKY rat, a putative animal model of depression

Solberg

Olson

Turek

et al. 2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

124

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The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat is hyperreactive to stress and exhibits depressive-like behavior in several standard behavioral tests. Because patients with depressive disorders often exhibit disruptions in the circadian rhythm of activity, as well as altered secretory patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid hormones, we tested the hypothesis that these phenomena occur in the WKY rat. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels remained significantly higher after the diurnal peak for several hours in WKY rats relative to Wistar rats. Also, plasma levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were significantly higher in WKY relative to Wistar rats across the 24-h period, despite normal or slightly higher levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. In addition, under constant darkness conditions, WKY rats exhibited a shorter free running period and a decreased response to a phase-delaying light pulse compared with Wistar rats. In several ways these results are similar to those seen in other animal models of depression as well as in depressed humans, suggesting that the WKY rat could be used to investigate the genetic basis for these abnormalities.

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Circadian timekeeping in hyperactive and hypertensive inbred rat strains

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor on the Level and Circadian Periodicity of Running‐Wheel Activity in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ Mice

Effects of Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor on the Level and Circadian Periodicity of Running‐Wheel Activity in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ Mice

Time to Pay Attention: Attentional Performance Time-Stamped Prefrontal Cholinergic Activation, Diurnality, and Performance

Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WKY rat, a putative animal model of depression

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