Circadian Type and Bed-Timing Regularity in 654 Retired Seniors: Correlations with Subjective Sleep Measures

Chronobiology International

Buysse

2014

Self Cite

Many older adults (seniors) experience problems with getting enough sleep. Because of the link between sleep and circadian rhythms, changes in bedtime lead to changes in the amount of sleep obtained. Although primarily determined genetically, chronotype changes with advancing age towards a more morning-type (M-type) orientation. In a 2006 study, we have found a linear relationship, by which the earlier a senior’s bedtime, the more sleep she/he will obtain. The aim of this study was to see whether this relationship differs for M-type seniors, as compared to seniors outside the M-type category. Retired seniors (n = 954, 535 M, 410F, 65 years+, mean age 74.4 years) taking part in a telephone interview were divided into M-types and Other types (O-types) using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The relationship between bedtime and Total Sleep Time (TST), and between rise-time and TST, was tested using linear regression separately for M-types and O-types. For each participant, habitual bedtime, rise-time and total Sleep Time (TST) [after removing time spent in unwanted wakefulness] were obtained using a telephone version of the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). Both chronotype groups showed a significant linear relationship between bedtime and TST (p<0.001); with earlier bedtimes leading to more TST (M-type 5.6 min; O-type 4.4 min per 10 min change [slope difference p = 0.05]); and an opposite relationship between rise-time and TST with earlier rise-times leading to less TST (M-type 6.7 min; O-type 4.2 min per 10 min change [slope difference p 0.001]). M-types retired to bed 56 min earlier (p<0.001), awoke 93 min earlier (p<0.001) and obtained 23 min less TST (p<0.001) than O-types. In conclusion, both chronotypes showed TST to be related in a linear way to bedtime and rise-time; the overall shorter TST in M-types was due to them rising 93 min earlier, but only retiring to bed 56 min earlier than O-types; as well as having a steeper rise-time versus TST relationship.

“…In agreement with our earlier analysis of a subset (~69%) of these data (Monk et al, 2011), M-types reported 23 min shorter TST than did O-types (443 versus 466 min, t = 4.56, p <0.001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Chronotype, bed timing and total sleep time in seniors

Chronobiology International

Buysse

2014

Self Cite

“…Other aspects of this study have been and will be reported elsewhere. 18,19 Among other variables, the interview included telephone versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 20 the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) 21 and the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). 22 The aim of this analysis was to provide normative empirical data regarding these variables in a sample of Western Pennsylvanian retirees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing, Duration and Quality of Sleep, and Level of Daytime Sleepiness in 1166 Retired Seniors

Healthy Aging &Amp; Clinical Care in the Elderly

Buysse

Schlarb

et al. 2012

A telephone survey of 1166 community resident seniors (658 male, 508 female, age between 65 and 97 years, mean 74.8 years) was undertaken, which included among other components telephone versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). The median PSQI score was 5 and the median ESS score 6, suggesting that neither sleep problems, nor daytime sleepiness problems, were particularly prevalent in this sample of seniors. The STQ indicated that the habitual timing of the sleep episode appeared to be within the usual 11 pm to 7:30 am range, with about 7.5 hours of actual sleep within that interval being reported. There was, however, a sizable minority who broke this pattern, with 25% of the sample reporting less than 6.7 hours of sleep, and problems with nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness.

“…Cross-sectional studies illustrate that high daily lifestyle regularity, including high regularity in sleep timing, is associated with better subjective sleep in college students (Carney et al, 2006), young and middle-aged adults (Monk et al, 2003a), and seniors (Zisberg et al, 2010). Stable bedtimes and rise-times have been found to be related to better sleep quality in retired older adults without the constraints of daytime work (Monk et al, 2011). In a prospective study, irregularity in sleep-wake timing also predicted daytime sleepiness (Manber et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Preference and Sleep-Wake Regularity: Associations With Self-Report Sleep Parameters in Daytime-Working Adults

Soehner

Kennedy

Chronobiology International

2011

Self Cite

The aim of this study was to explore how interindividual differences in circadian type (morningness) and sleep timing regularity might be related to subjective sleep quality and quantity. Self-report circadian phase preference, sleep timing, sleep quality, and sleep duration were assessed in a sample of 62 day-working adults (33.9% male, age 23–48 yrs). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measured subjective sleep quality and the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ) assessed habitual sleep latency and minutes awake after sleep onset. The duration, timing, and stability of sleep were assessed using the STQ separately for work-week nights (Sunday–Thursday) and for weekend nights (Friday and Saturday). Morningness-eveningness was assessed using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A morning-type orientation was associated with longer weekly sleep duration, better subjective sleep quality, and shorter sleep-onset latency. Stable weekday rise-time correlated with better self-reported sleep quality and shorter sleep-onset latency. A more regular weekend bedtime was associated with a shorter sleep latency. A more stable weekend rise-time was related to longer weekday sleep duration and lower daytime sleepiness. Increased overall regularity in rise-time was associated with better subjective sleep quality, shorter sleep-onset latency, and higher weekday sleep efficiency. Finally, a morning orientation was related to increased regularity in both bedtimes and rise-times. In conclusion, in daytime workers, a morning-type orientation and more stable sleep timing are associated with better subjective sleep quality.