Circadian typology and the Alternative Five‐Factor Model of personality

Tonetti, Lorenzo; Pascalis, Vilfredo De; Fabbri, Marco; Martoni, Monica; Russo, Paolo Maria; Natale, Vincenzo

doi:10.1002/ijop.12170

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this sense, those patients with an older age of SUD onset showed a higher preference for being active, which it could be possible explained by substance use limiting the span of activities done as a result of prioritizing addiction related behaviors (15). On the other hand, the activity scale of ZKPQ questionnaire appears to be sensitive to circadian typology (45, 46), and the SUD treatment imposes a morning circadian functioning (39, 47) which could influence energy levels of patients during treatment. Future studies should analyze the role of this individual difference in addict and dual disorder patients with measures before, during, and after treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Profile and Clinical Correlates of Patients With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Comorbid Depression Under Treatment

et al. 2019

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Background: Among patients with substance use disorder (SUD), major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent. Even though, personality plays an important role in treatment outcomes for individuals with SUD and SUD + MDD, few studies have explored personality characteristics in these samples. This study aims to describe personality for patients with SUD taking into account the comorbid MDD, using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM). We also aim to compare SUD + MDD patients with population norms and to elucidate possible personality clinical correlates.Methods: For our study, 116 male patients undergoing for SUD treatment were divided in two groups: SUD only (N = 58) and SUD + MDD (N = 58). To examine personality, we used the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire and multiple analyses of covariance were performed to identify differences. In a first analysis, age was introduced as a covariate whereas in a second analysis the continuous variables that showed to have a discriminant value for the groups were added as covariates. Variables predicting the presence of dual diagnosis and personality clinical correlates were analyzed by logistic and linear regression models, respectively. We observed that patients with SUD + MDD show distinctive personality characteristics compared with patients with SUD only and population norms.Results: According to the AFFM, SUD + MDD patients are characterized by higher Neuroticism-Anxiety (positively associated to depressive symptoms) and Impulsivity; and by lower Parties and Friends. Moreover, the probability of having a dual depressive disorder was represented by the amount of medications and substances used. The preference for hard work and the energy self-reported levels (Work Activity trait) are linked to these clinical variables rather than to the presence/absence of a dual depressive disorder.Conclusions: Even when controlling clinical variables related to a higher probability of having a dual depressive disorder, the Neuroticism-Anxiety is a personality trait that strongly differentiates between SUD only and SUD + MDD patients. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of this personality trait as endophenotype in dual depressive men. Our results underline the importance of a dimensional understanding of personality and its clinical correlates among patients with SUD + MDD; this approach could provide us information on specific treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Profile and Clinical Correlates of Patients With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Comorbid Depression Under Treatment

et al. 2019

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“…An alternative approach is to collect actigraphy‐based data to study sleep behaviour: movements and environmental factors like ambient brightness are recorded with wristbands and are jointly converted to indicators for sleep–wake timing by special algorithms (e.g. Križan & Hisler, 2019; Tonetti et al., 2016; Vitale et al., 2015). Regarding the trade‐off between measurement accuracy and ecological validity, another interesting complement for studying sleep behaviour could be the use of smartphone sensing data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, various derivates and short scales of the MEQ have been published (Adan et al, 2012; Putilov, 2017). Assumptions on the underlying structure of circadian preferences range from a continuum with two extremes (Natale & Cicogna, 2002; Tonetti et al, 2016), over two dimensions (morningness and eveningness as separate dimensions Lipnevich et al, 2017) to a multidimensional construct with up to four factors (Adan et al, 2012; Randler et al, 2016; Caci et al, 2009). Recently, Preckel et al (2019) have published pioneering work on a typology of circadian preferences providing empirical evidence on the possible number of types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Challenge the Morning Lark and the Night Owl: Using Smartphone Sensing Data to Investigate Day–Night Behaviour Patterns

Schoedel

Pargent

Au³

et al. 2020

Eur J Pers

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For decades, day–night patterns in behaviour have been investigated by asking people about their sleep–wake timing, their diurnal activity patterns, and their sleep duration. We demonstrate that the increasing digitalization of lifestyle offers new possibilities for research to investigate day–night patterns and related traits with the help of behavioural data. Using smartphone sensing, we collected in vivo data from 597 participants across several weeks and extracted behavioural day–night pattern indicators. Using this data, we explored three popular research topics. First, we focused on individual differences in day–night patterns by investigating whether ‘morning larks’ and ‘night owls’ manifest in smartphone‐sensed behavioural indicators. Second, we examined whether personality traits are related to day–night patterns. Finally, exploring social jetlag, we investigated whether traits and work weekly day–night behaviours influence day–night patterns on weekends. Our findings highlight that behavioural data play an essential role in understanding daily routines and their relations to personality traits. We discuss how psychological research can integrate new behavioural approaches to study personality.

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“…In both adolescent and young adult samples, evening-types (or late circadian preferences) score higher on measures tapping a range of reward-related constructs, such as impulsivity (4, 5), impulsive sensation seeking (6), sensation and novelty seeking (7), and risky decision-making (8). Evening-types also show altered daily rhythms in positive affect, ostensibly a manifestation of the reward system (9, 10).…”

Section: Introduction1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eveningness among late adolescent males predicts neural reactivity to reward and alcohol dependence 2 years later

Hasler

Casement

Sitnick

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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Eveningness, a preference for later sleep-wake timing, is linked to altered reward function, which may explain a consistent association with substance abuse. Notably, the extant literature rests largely on cross-sectional data, yet both eveningness and reward function show developmental changes. We examined whether circadian preference during late adolescence predicted the neural response to reward two years later. A sample of 93 males reported circadian preference and completed a monetary reward fMRI paradigm at ages 20 and 22. Primary analyses examined longitudinal paths from circadian preference to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral striatal (VS) reward responses. We also explored whether reward responses mediated longitudinal associations between circadian preference and alcohol dependence, frequency of alcohol use, and/or frequency of cannabis use. Age 20 eveningness was positively associated with age 22 mPFC and VS responses to win, but not associated with age 22 reactivity to reward anticipation. Age 20 eveningness was indirectly related to age 22 alcohol dependence via age 22 mPFC response to win. Our findings provide novel evidence that altered reward-related brain function could underlie associations between eveningness and alcohol use problems. Eveningness may be an under-recognized but modifiable risk factor for reward-related problems such as mood and substance use disorders.

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Circadian typology and the Alternative Five‐Factor Model of personality

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Personality Profile and Clinical Correlates of Patients With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Comorbid Depression Under Treatment

Personality Profile and Clinical Correlates of Patients With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Comorbid Depression Under Treatment

To Challenge the Morning Lark and the Night Owl: Using Smartphone Sensing Data to Investigate Day–Night Behaviour Patterns

Eveningness among late adolescent males predicts neural reactivity to reward and alcohol dependence 2 years later

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