Circannual variation in relative weight of children 5 to 16 years of age

Bhutani, Surabhi; Hanrahan, Lawrence P.; VanWormer, Jeffrey J.; Schoeller, Dale A.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12270

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This pattern was not readily apparent in prior studies where few BMI measures were available . It differed somewhat from recent studies in southern Wisconsin and Denmark, where BMI increases appeared flatter or nearer to linear during the school months. We also observed an unexpected mid‐winter nadir in BMI z‐scores.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Consistent with prior studies, 14,15,29 kids who were non-White or Hispanic were clearly larger for their age relative to kids who were non-Hispanic White. And by adolescence, BMI z-scores were markedly larger throughout the year for all kids, which is consistent with the higher rates of overweight and obesity observed in older (childhood) age groups across the United States.…”

Section: North-central Wisconsin Children and Adolescents Did Not Shosupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, the precise pattern of weight change in proportion to height is poorly understood beyond the beginning and end of the school year. Only one prior study was conducted in a rural setting, and only one study used serial medical records to estimate circannual weight gain patterns in kids . There is a limited guidance on the optimal time period when paediatric weight gain prevention interventions should occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one prior study was conducted in a rural setting, 12 and only one study used serial medical records to estimate circannual weight gain patterns in kids. 15 There is a limited guidance on the optimal time period when paediatric weight gain prevention interventions should occur. The purpose of this study was to characterize circannual trends in BMI among north-central Wisconsin children and adolescents, as well as to identify sociodemographic differences in excess weight.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Recent studies suggest kids tend to gain the most weight in summer, but schools are chastised for supporting obesogenic environments. Conclusions on circannual weight gain are hampered by infrequent body mass index (BMI) measurements, and guidance is limited on the optimal timeframe for paediatric weight interventions. Objectives This study characterized circannual trends in BMI in Wisconsin children and adolescents and identified sociodemographic differences in excess weight gain. Methods An observational study was used to pool data from 2010 to 2015 to examine circannual BMI z‐score trends for Marshfield Clinic patients age 3 to 17 years. Daily 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 quantiles of BMI z‐score were estimated, stratified by gender, race, and age. Results BMI z‐scores increased July to September, followed by a decrease in October to December, and another increase to decrease cycle beginning in February. For adolescents, the summer increase in BMI was greater among those in the upper BMI z‐score quantile relative to those in the lower quantile (+0.15 units vs +0.04 units). This pattern was opposite in children. Conclusions BMI increased most rapidly in late summer. This growth persisted through autumn in adolescents who were larger, suggesting weight management support may be beneficial for kids who are overweight at the start of the school year.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: North-central Wisconsin Children and Adolescents Did Not Shosupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention

et al. 2019

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“…Most of these studies, however, included only two yearly measurements of BMI limiting the ability to examine the effect of season versus school year or school holiday environments on weight gain velocity. The limitations of biannual measurements were highlighted by a cross‐sectional examination of monthly differences in close to 70,000 children's standardized BMI (BMIz) . When researchers simulated what their results would have been if they had only used biannual measurements as was done in the studies based on the academic school year, they found similar patterns of improvements in BMIz during the school year and increases during the summer.…”

Section: Circannual Rhythms and Their Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children

et al. 2019

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Several studies since the 1990s have demonstrated that children increase their body mass index at a faster rate during summer months compared with the school year, leading some to conclude that the out-of-school summer environment is responsible.Other studies, however, have suggested that seasonality may play a role in children's height and weight changes across the year. This article reviews evidence for seasonal differences in the rate of children's height and weight gain and proposes potential physiological mechanisms that may explain these seasonal variations.

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Seasonal variability in body mass index, waist circumference, and skinfolds in Norwegian children

Moen,

Júlíusson,

Roelants

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesStudies have shown that children develop a higher body weight during summer months. This has been demonstrated repeatedly using the body mass index (BMI), but the effect of season on other weight‐related anthropometric measurements is still unclear.MethodsMeasurements of height, weight, waist circumference (WC), triceps, and subscapular skinfolds (TSF and SSF), collected from September till May in a cross‐sectional sample of 4–16‐year‐old children and adolescents (n = 4525) from the Bergen Growth Study 1 (BGS1). Differences in z‐score by season were tested with linear models adjusted for age group and separately for sex. Overall differences were tested with a one‐way between‐group analysis of variance.ResultsThe girls had higher BMIz (+0.12, p = .03) and WCz (+0.18, p = .002) in fall compared with spring. TSFz (−0.19, p < .001) and SSFz (−0.18, p < .001) were lower in winter in girls, and in boys both in fall (TSFz −0.10, p = .046; SSFz – 0.16, p < .001), and winter (TSFz −0.15, p = .004; SSFz −0.14, p = .003), when compared with spring.ConclusionsSeasonal variation was detected for all anthropometric measures, but differences in the direction of the effect between measures of global (BMI), central (WC) or subcutaneous (SF) adiposity suggest a more complex mechanism that needs further exploration.

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Circannual variation in relative weight of children 5 to 16 years of age

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention

Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention

Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children

Seasonal variability in body mass index, waist circumference, and skinfolds in Norwegian children

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