Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans

Augustine, James R.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2

Cited by 1,620 publications

(1,164 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…An increase in lowfrequency activations (not connectivity) in the thalamus, insula, and superior temporal gyrus has previously been reported in MS (Liu et al, 2011) and interpreted as compensatory plasticity. Here, however, we did not find changes in insula connections allowing a reliable group discrimination, but the insula is also known to be connected to the temporal pole and amygdala (Augustine, 1996).…”

Section: Decreased and Increased Connectivity In Ms Patientscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Classifying minimally disabled multiple sclerosis patients from resting state functional connectivity

et al. 2012

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Section: Decreased and Increased Connectivity In Ms Patientscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Classifying minimally disabled multiple sclerosis patients from resting state functional connectivity

et al. 2012

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“…The ventromedial thalamus is considered to be a relay within the visceroceptive pathway to posterior and anterior insula (Craig, 2002). The centromedial thalamus projects to the ACC, insula, and amygdala (Augustine, 1996;Collins and Pare, 1999;Vogt, 2005;Minamimoto et al, 2005), the dorsomedial thalamus, as well to the insula and the ACC, both supposedly for emotional-motivational functions (Heimer, 2003;Allen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of particular interest given the increasing importance of the insula in concepts of emotion processing. Insular regions have a wide range of reciprocal connections to prefrontal areas, ACC, thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and to brainstem regions as the parabrachial nucleus for relaying visceral afferents (Augustine, 1996;Yasui et al, 1991). Furthermore, the insula receives input from the aforementioned medial thalamic regions (Augustine, 1996;Allen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insular regions have a wide range of reciprocal connections to prefrontal areas, ACC, thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and to brainstem regions as the parabrachial nucleus for relaying visceral afferents (Augustine, 1996;Yasui et al, 1991). Furthermore, the insula receives input from the aforementioned medial thalamic regions (Augustine, 1996;Allen et al, 1991). On the functional level, the insula was found to be involved in the anticipation of electric shocks (Chua et al, 1999), noxious thermal stimuli (Ploghaus et al, 1999), fear indicating stimuli together with the amygdala (Phelps et al, 2001), and of aversive pictures (Simmons et al, 2004).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

et al. 2007

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Since we do not know what future holds for us, we prepare for expected emotional events in order to deal with a pleasant or threatening environment. From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense to be particularly prepared for the worst-case scenario. We were interested to evaluate whether this assumption is reflected in the central nervous information processing associated with expecting visual stimuli of unknown emotional valence. While being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy subjects were cued to expect and then perceive visual stimuli with a known emotional valence as pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, as well as stimuli of unknown valence that could have been either pleasant or unpleasant. While anticipating pictures of unknown valence, the activity of emotion processing brain areas was similar to activity associated with expecting unpleasant pictures, but there were no areas in which the activity was similar to the activity when expecting pleasant pictures. The activity of the revealed regions, including bilateral insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, medial thalamus, and red nucleus, further correlated with the individual ratings of mood: the worse the mood, the higher the activity. These areas are supposedly involved in a network for internal adaptation and preparation processes in order to act according to potential or certain unpleasant events. Their activity appears to reflect a 'pessimistic' bias by anticipating the events of unknown valence to be unpleasant.

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“…In addition to its function in speech, taste, and auditory systems, the insula is also intimately involved in somatosensory and visceral pain processing (6). It is strategically located in a bidirectional pathway between the secondary somatosensory cortex and the amygdala (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic levels of glutamate within the insula are associated with improvements in multiple pain domains in fibromyalgia

Harris¹,

Sundgren²,

Pang³

et al. 2008

Arthritis & Rheumatism

185

161

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Objective. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain condition that is thought to arise from augmentation of central neural activity. Glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory neurotransmitter that functions in pain-processing pathways. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between changing levels of Glu within the insula and changes in multiple pain domains in patients with FM.Methods. Ten patients with FM underwent 2 sessions of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) and 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), each conducted before and after a nonpharmacologic intervention to reduce pain. During H-MRS, the anterior and posterior insular regions were examined separately using single-voxel spectroscopy. The levels of Glu and other metabolites were estimated relative to levels of creatine (Cr) (e.g., the Glu/Cr ratio). During FMRI, painful pressures were applied to the thumbnail to elicit neuronal activation. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain disorder that affects ϳ2-4% of individuals in industrialized countries (1). Although the underlying etiology of this condition is unknown, dysfunction within the central nervous system has been implicated. Results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) (2,3), singlephoton emission tomography (4), and positron emission tomography (5) support this hypothesis.One structure that is consistently found to be associated with augmented evoked pain activity in FM is the insula (2,3). In addition to its function in speech, taste, and auditory systems, the insula is also intimately involved in somatosensory and visceral pain processing (6). It is strategically located in a bidirectional pathway between the secondary somatosensory cortex and the amygdala (6). This anatomic position may give the insula ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00142597.

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Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans

Cited by 1,620 publications

References 72 publications

Classifying minimally disabled multiple sclerosis patients from resting state functional connectivity

Classifying minimally disabled multiple sclerosis patients from resting state functional connectivity

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Dynamic levels of glutamate within the insula are associated with improvements in multiple pain domains in fibromyalgia

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