Circuits and Biomarkers of the Central Nervous System Relating to Astronaut Performance: Summary Report for a NASA-Sponsored Technical Interchange Meeting

Abstract

Biomarkers, ranging from molecules to behavior, can be used to identify thresholds beyond which performance of mission tasks may be compromised and could potentially trigger the activation of countermeasures. Identification of homologous brain regions and/or neural circuits related to operational performance may allow for translational studies between species. Three discussion groups were directed to use operationally relevant performance tasks as a driver when identifying biomarkers and brain regions or circuits for selected constructs. Here we summarize small-group discussions in tables of circuits and biomarkers categorized by (a) sensorimotor, (b) behavioral medicine and (c) integrated approaches (e.g., physiological responses). In total, hundreds of biomarkers have been identified and are summarized herein by the respective group leads. We hope the meeting proceedings become a rich resource for NASA’s Human Research Program (HRP) and the community of researchers.

Navigating the Unknown: A Comprehensive Review of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome

“…Astronauts may engage in activities to enhance their ability to focus, track moving objects, and adjust to changes in their visual perception. Visual therapy helps alleviate symptoms related to SANS and promotes the recovery of normal visual function, ultimately enabling astronauts to perform their duties more effectively during their missions [51].…”

“…Low vision aids can assist astronauts in tasks such as reading instrument panels, viewing displays, and conducting experiments, which are essential in space. By providing access to these aids, space agencies ensure that astronauts can navigate their workspaces and continue their scientific and operational responsibilities [51].…”