Circular polarization in atmospheric aerosols

Abstract

Abstract. Recent technological advances have demonstrated the feasibility of deploying spaceborne optical detectors with full polarimetric capabilities. The measurement of all four Stokes coefficients opens significant new opportunities for atmospheric aerosol studies and applications. While considerable amounts of attention have been dedicated to sensors with sensitivity to the total intensity and linear polarization (represented by Stokes coefficients I, U, Q), there has been less attention to the additional information brought by measuring circular polarization (coefficient V). This report fills this gap in knowledge by providing an overview of aerosol sources of circular polarization in the atmosphere and discusses possible remote sensing signatures. In this paper, circularly polarized radiation that results from the interaction of incident unpolarized radiation is considered in three physical settings: optical activity originating in biogenic aerosols, alignment of non-spherical particles in the presence of electrical fields (such as dust, smoke, and volcanic ash), and aerosol multiple scattering effects. Observational and theoretical evidence of, and the settings and conditions for, non-zero aerosol circular polarization generated from incident unpolarized radiation are here gathered and discussed. In addition, novel radiative transfer simulations are shown to illustrate notable spectral and other features where circular polarization may provide additional information that is possibly independent from total intensity and linear polarization-only observations. Current techniques for the detection of aerosol composition (also referred as aerosol type) from space provide limited information. Remote identification of aerosols such as smoke, volcanic ash, and dust particles can only be accomplished with some degree of confidence for moderate to high concentrations. When the same aerosols are found at lower concentrations (but still high enough to be of importance for air quality and cloud formation), these methods often produce ambiguous results. The circular polarization of aerosols is rarely utilized, and we explore its value for improved determination aerosol composition. This study is presented as an overview with a goal to provide a new perspective on an overlooked optical property and to trigger interest in further exploration of this subject.

Theory of Rayleigh–Brillouin optical activity light scattering applicable to chiral liquids

“…Interesting new features should emerge for illumination near resonance, 5,64,71,72 anisotropic samples 5 and illumination by structured light. 8,10,11,73 It should also prove fruitful to consider the influence of static magnetic fields, 74 static electric fields 31,75 and higher-order multipolar contributions. 9,28…”

“…Although our focus in this paper has been on small molecules, similar ideas can be developed for larger scatterers, including large biomolecules. 27–31…”

“…Interesting new features should emerge for illumination near resonance, 5,64,71,72 anisotropic samples 5 and illumination by structured light. 8,10,11,73 It should also prove fruitful to consider the influence of static magnetic fields, 74 static electric fields 31,75 and higher-order multipolar contributions. 9,28 A particularly interesting question is whether Rayleigh-Brillouin optical activity can be used to detect chiral (acoustic) phonons in appropriate samples.…”

“…19,[76][77][78] Although our focus in this paper has been on small molecules, similar ideas can be developed for larger scatterers, including large biomolecules. [27][28][29][30][31] We will return to these and related tasks elsewhere.…”

Spectropolarimetry of life: airborne measurements from a hot air balloon

“…Single scattering processed usually generate linearly polarized light, after which a second scattering event with atmospheric aerosols can produce circularly polarized light. We refer to Gasso et al (2022) 15 for an elaborate summary of circular polarization due to atmospheric aerosols. In addition to multiple scattering processes, circularly polarized light can be produced by the homochirality of biotic systems 6;11 .…”