Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis

Sciaccotta, Raffaele; Murdaca, Giuseppe; Caserta, Santino; Rizzo, Vincenzo; Gangemi, Sebastiano; Allegra, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11112883

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…RNA molecules known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) control the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational stages of gene expression. They are unable to code and are longer than 200 nucleotides [20]. Aberrant lncRNA expression has been connected to a number of human diseases, which emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of disease etiology to inform advancements in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.…”

Section: Evidence From Non-coding Rnas In the Osteonecrosis Of The Jawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are categorized as Housekeeping ncRNAs, albeit some of them can code for certain proteins. In total, 1976 tiny segments of circular, non-coding material-known as splicing errors-were extracted from viroids infecting plants, and these segments were then used to detect eukaryotic cells, such as the mitochondrial RNAs of some yeasts, and the hepatotropic virus δ [20].…”

Section: Evidence From Non-coding Rnas In the Osteonecrosis Of The Jawmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highlights on the Effects of Non-Coding RNAs in the Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Caserta,

Stagno,

Gangemi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Osteonecrosis of the jaw is the progressive loss and destruction of bone affecting the maxilla or mandible in patients treated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents without receiving prior radiation therapy. The pathogenesis involves the inflammatory pathway of receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-kB ligand and the macrophage colony-stimulating factor, essential for osteoclast precursors survival and proliferation and acting through its receptor c-Fms. Evidence has shown the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw and this finding might be useful in diagnosis since these small RNAs could be considered as biomarkers of apoptotic activity in bone. Interestingly, it has been proved that miR-29 and miR-31-5p, acting on specific targets such as CALCR and RhoA, promote programmed-cell death and consequently the necrosis of bone tissue. Specific long non-coding RNAs, instead, have been detected both at reduced levels in patients with multiple myeloma and osteonecrosis, and associated with suppression of osteoblast differentiation, with consequences in the progression of mandible lesions. Among non-coding genic material, circular RNAs have the capability to modify the expression of specific mRNAs responsible for the inhibition of bisphosphonates activity on osteoclastogenesis.

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Section: Evidence From Non-coding Rnas In the Osteonecrosis Of The Jawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence From Non-coding Rnas In the Osteonecrosis Of The Jawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights on the Effects of Non-Coding RNAs in the Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Caserta,

Stagno,

Gangemi

et al. 2024

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After their synthesis, they are able to exert many peculiar functions, such as gene expression regulation and influencing transcription by acting as miRNA sponges, and some of them are even translated into proteins. circRNAs, with their stability given by the closed circular structure and their tissue specificity, are emerging as feasible biomarkers and therapeutic targets, significantly enriching the understanding of MS pathogenesis [71,72].…”

Section: The Role Of Non-coding Rnas In Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis: Roles of miRNA, lcnRNA, and circRNA and Their Implications in Cellular Pathways

Cipriano,

Schepici,

Mazzon

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative condition characterized by axonal damage and demyelination induced by autoreactive immune cells that occur in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The interaction between epigenetic changes and genetic factors can be widely involved in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. Although numerous efforts were made to discover new therapies able to prevent and improve the course of MS, definitive curative treatments have not been found yet. However, in recent years, it has been reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), acting as gene expression regulators, could be used as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers to diagnose and fight MS. In this review, we discussed the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well as their expression level changes and signaling pathways that are related to preclinical and human MS studies. Hence, the investigation of ncRNAs could be important to provide additional information regarding MS pathogenesis as well as promote the discovery of new therapeutic strategies or biomarkers.

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circRNAs as Epigenetic Regulators of Integrity in Blood–Brain Barrier Architecture: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis

D’Aversa,

Salvatori,

Vaccarezza

et al. 2024

Cells

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease leading to progressive demyelination and neuronal loss, with extensive neurological symptoms. As one of the most widespread neurodegenerative disorders, with an age onset of about 30 years, it turns out to be a socio-health and economic issue, thus necessitating therapeutic interventions currently unavailable. Loss of integrity in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the distinct MS hallmarks. Brain homeostasis is ensured by an endothelial cell-based monolayer at the interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and systemic bloodstream, acting as a selective barrier. MS results in enhanced barrier permeability, mainly due to the breakdown of tight (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) between endothelial cells. Specifically, proinflammatory mediator release causes failure in cytoplasmic exposure of junctions, resulting in compromised BBB integrity that enables blood cells to cross the barrier, establishing iron deposition and neuronal impairment. Cells with a compromised cytoskeletal protein network, fiber reorganization, and discontinuous junction structure can occur, resulting in BBB dysfunction. Recent investigations on spatial transcriptomics have proven circularRNAs (circRNAs) to be powerful multi-functional molecules able to epigenetically regulate transcription and structurally support proteins. In the present review, we provide an overview of the recent role ascribed to circRNAs in maintaining BBB integrity/permeability via cytoskeletal stability. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for impairment and circRNA’s role in driving BBB damage and dysfunction might be helpful for the recognition of novel therapeutic targets to overcome BBB damage and unrestrained neurodegeneration.

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Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 150 publications

Highlights on the Effects of Non-Coding RNAs in the Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Highlights on the Effects of Non-Coding RNAs in the Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Multiple Sclerosis: Roles of miRNA, lcnRNA, and circRNA and Their Implications in Cellular Pathways

circRNAs as Epigenetic Regulators of Integrity in Blood–Brain Barrier Architecture: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis

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