Circular RNAs: Non-Canonical Observations on Non-Canonical RNAs

Abstract

The existence of circular RNA (circRNA) research in mainstream science can be attributed to the contemporary synergism of big data and keen attention to detail by several research groups worldwide. Since the re-emergence of these non-canonical RNA transcripts, seminal advances have been made in understanding their biogenesis, interactome, and functions in diverse fields and a myriad of human diseases. However, most research outputs to date have focused on the ability of highly stable circRNAs to interact with, and impact signalling through, microRNAs. This is likely to be the result of seminal papers in the field ascribing a few remarkable circRNAs as “miRNA sponges”. However, the stoichiometric ratio between the (often-lowly-expressed) circRNA and their (commonly-more-abundant) target is rarely in favour of a biologically relevant and functional consequence of these interactions. It is time for yet another revolution in circRNA research to uncover functions beyond their documented ability to bind miRNAs. This Special Issue aims to highlight non-canonical functions for this non-canonical family of RNA molecules.

CircRNA and ferroptosis in human disease: Insights for new treatments

“…11 Because circRNAs have regulatory functions, much research in recent years has explored their use in disease. 12 Peng et al found that circRNA_010383 can be modified to act as a sponge for miRNA-135a, which down-regulates transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 (TRPC1), a target of miRNA-135a. Down-regulation of circRNA_010383 promotes the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, promoting proteinuria, and renal fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and can be used as a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.…”

“…The known biological functions of circRNAs include: acting as a sponge for miRNAs, transcriptional translation, and interacting with RBPs 11 . Because circRNAs have regulatory functions, much research in recent years has explored their use in disease 12 . Peng et al.…”

“… 11 Because circRNAs have regulatory functions, much research in recent years has explored their use in disease. 12 Peng et al. found that circRNA_010383 can be modified to act as a sponge for miRNA‐135a, which down‐regulates transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 (TRPC1), a target of miRNA‐135a.…”