“…A circular business model can also be one in which the company operates as part of a larger system and adds to other companies' circular business models, which together create a closed-loop system (Manniche et al,2017). In more and more countries, attempts have been made to pursue sustainability acceptance through circular business models which are as follows: ▪ Short cycle: Pay per use, repair, waste reduction, sharing platforms, progressive purchase ▪ Long cycle: Performance-based contracting, maintenance, take back management, next life sales, refurbish& resell, product-based services ▪ Cascading: recycling, upcycling, collaborative production, biomass cascading ▪ Pure circles: Cradle to cradle, circular sourcing ▪ Digitization: physical to virtual, subscription-based rental ▪ Produce on-demand: Produce to order, 3D printing, customer vote(design) (Naydenov, 2018;Manniche et al,2017).…”