Circularity in ethotic structures

Budzyńska, Katarzyna

doi:10.1007/s11229-012-0135-6

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 See also (Budzynska 2013) about the circularity of sentences like "I am credible". 2 Note that Allott (2018) considers that conversational implicatures are inferences to the best explanations (or abductions).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethos and Pragmatics

Herman

2022

Languages

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Ethos, the speaker’s image in speech is one of the three means of persuasion e stablished by Aristotle’s Rhetoric and is often studied in a loose way. Many scholars develop lists of self-images (ethos of a leader, modesty ethos, etc.), but few explain how one arrives at these types of ethos. This is precisely what the inferential approach described here intends to do. Considering, like many discourse analysts, that ethos is consubstantial with speech, this paper provides an overview of various types and subtypes of ethos and highlights how these can be inferred from the discourse. Mainly, we would like to point out that what the speaker says about him or herself is only a part of what has been called “said ethos”: inferential processes triggered by what the speaker says about collectivities, opponents, or the audience also help construct an ethos. This tool will be applied to analyze a corpus of Donald Trump’s tweets of 6 January 2021, the day of the assault on the Capitol. As the notion of inference is essential in creating ethos, the paper pleads for the integration of the study of this rhetorical notion in the field of pragmatics.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethos and Pragmatics

Herman

2022

Languages

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“…Ethos is diagrammed by a dotted box with an arrow pointing to the illocution to show that what it is supporting or attacking is a condition of satisfaction of the illocution. In Figure 2 I have diagrammed this as the dotted box Wilma is credible (Budzysnka, 2013;Budzysnka & Reed, 2012). If the attack succeeds in laying grounds for doubt that the speaker is sincere, this implies that the illocutionary act has misfired.…”

Section: Ad Hominem Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferences and illocutions

Botting¹

2015

Argument & Computation

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In several papers Budzynska and Reed have argued that inferences should be 'anchored' to relations between utterances rather than to utterances themselves; then, by appeal to what they call 'dialogue glue', these relations are somehow reified as 'implicit' speech-acts. In this paper I will argue that this is a mistake caused by confusion over different ways an illocution can be relational and that there can be no such thing as implicit speech-acts as they describe them, and so the speech-act that they claim is performed implicitly between utterances is actually performed explicitly, if indirectly, at the time of the original utterance. It is here that the inference should be anchored. They also argue that when an arguer's credibility is attacked it is the illocution that is undermined rather than the inference, credibility being linked to the illocution as one of its conditions of satisfaction. When understood in a certain way that I will briefly explain in the paper, I will argue that this is true, that the illocution is undermined, and that this reveals something very interesting about the nature of many of the ad fallacies, but speech-act theory on its own does not support this since credibility is not required for the illocution to be successful. Lastly, Budzynska claims that a speaker cannot testify to his own credibility and that this, rather than being an argumentative circularity, is circularity in the assertion itself, since it mentions one of its own conditions of satisfaction. She calls this 'circular assertion'. While I accept the claim that there is this kind of non-argumentative circularity, I do not find it to be as problematic as Budzynska seems to.

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“…From the perspective of pragmatics, members of the Polish School are interested in applying the elements of speech act theory when con-Preface: From Pragmatics and Dialectics to Argument Studies sidering the illocutionary context (Malinowski 2003, Witek 2013 and ethotic felicity conditions (Budzynska 2013, Załęska 2011) of the speech act of argumentation; the elements of relevance theory when investigating the aims and effects of persuasive dialogues (Budzynska & Debowska 2010, Debowska-Kozlowska 2014; or the elements of theory of conversational implicatures in pursuing so-called arguments appealing to conversational implicature (Puczyłowski 2012). The School is also interested in the formal aspects of pragmatic concepts such as the exploitation of a paraconsistent and nonmonotonic approach to speech acts, argumentation schemes, and dialogues (Dunin-Kęplicz & Strachocka 2013), using a 4-valued query language (Małuszyński & Szałas 2013).…”

Section: Today's Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preface: From Pragmatics and Dialectics to Argument Studies

Budzyńska¹,

Eemeren²,

Koszowy³

2014

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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Pragmatics and dialectics are two disciplines which have been amongst the first and most important partners for argument studies in the exploration of the complex realm of communication. Treating argumentation as a construct consisting of premises and conclusion allows for investigating some interesting properties of the phenomenon of reasoning, but does not capture a variety of aspects related to the usage of natural language and dialogical context in which real-life argumentation is typically embedded. This special issue explores some of the fascinating research questions which emerge when we move beyond logic into the territory of the pragmatics and dialectics of argument.

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Circularity in ethotic structures

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Ethos and Pragmatics

Ethos and Pragmatics

Inferences and illocutions

Preface: From Pragmatics and Dialectics to Argument Studies

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