Circulating adiposity‐related microRNAs as predictors of the response to a low‐fat diet in subjects with obesity

Abstract

Recent studies have revealed the critical role of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in energy homeostasis and metabolic processes and suggest that circulating miRNAs can be used as early predictors of weight loss in the design of precision nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate circulating adiposity‐related miRNAs as biomarkers of the response to two specific weight loss dietary treatments. The expression of 86 miRNAs was investigated in plasma of 78 subjects with obesity randomized to two different diets [moderately high‐protein diet (n = 38) and low‐fat diet (n = 40)] and in 25 eutrophic controls (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2). Bioinformatic analyses were performed to explore the target genes and biological pathways regulated by the dysregulated miRNAs. As results, 26 miRNAs were found differently expressed in eutrophic and volunteers with obesity. Moreover, 7 miRNAs (miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐144‐5p, miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐221‐3p and miR‐29c‐3p) were differentially expressed between responders and non‐responders to a low‐fat diet. Furthermore, after adjustment for basal glucose levels, 1‐SD increase in miR‐22‐3p expression was associated with reduction in the risk of non‐response to low‐fat diet [OR = 0.181, 95% CI (0.084‐0.947), P = .043]. Bioinformatic analyses evidenced that these 7 miRNAs regulate the expression of genes participating in important metabolic pathways. Conclusively, 7 circulating miRNAs related to adiposity could be used for predicting the response to a low‐fat diet intervention prescribed to lose weight.

Estradiol-driven metabolism in transwomen associates with reduced circulating extracellular vesicle microRNA-224/452

“…Interestingly, when we performed IPA analyses of the differential proteome of omental adipose tissue from women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to adipose tissue from control subjects ( 48 ) we found that mitochondrial dysfunction topped the list of differentially expressed pathways (data not shown) further supporting the relationship between high levels of estradiol and metabolic changes. Lastly, body composition may affect metabolic health and as such may alter miR plasma levels as well ( 49 ), although BMI was not significantly affected in transwomen in this study ( Tables 1 and 2 ). Still, future studies should investigate miR-224/452 in relation to body composition changes over time.…”

Effects of a short‐term cold exposure on circulating microRNAs and metabolic parameters in healthy adult subjects

“…Ghavami et al demonstrated a significant increase in circulating miR‐375 as well as a significant decrease in KLF5 mRNA expression after 6 weeks of insulin supplementation in diabetic patients 37 . In another study employing RT‐PCR‐based analysis of the effects of diets on miRNA expression, Assman et al reported 7 miRNAs (miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐144‐5p, miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐221‐3p and miR‐29c‐3p) as differentially expressed between responders and nonresponders to a low‐fat diet 38 . Kurylowicz et al showed that the expression of SIRT1 in vascular adipose tissue of obese subjects was negatively correlated with the expression of miR‐22‐3p 39 .…”

Liquid Biopsy for Cancer Cachexia: Focus on Muscle-Derived microRNAs

“…Most of these skeletal muscle-derived miRNAs have also been detected in the bloodstream [40,[183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199]. However, to date it is unknown whether their circulating levels are modulated during cancer cachexia in humans.…”