“…The classical examples of human diseases are neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with antibodies against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 (Lennon, Kryzer, Pittock, Verkman, & Hinson, ) and the inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with specific demyelinating autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (Hennes, Baumann, Lechner, & Rostasy, ). For both diseases, excellent experimental models are available, including MOG induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats, guinea pigs, and marmoset monkeys (Lassmann & Bradl, ; Linington et al, ) and passive transfer models using aquaporin 4 specific T‐cells together with human or animal derived pathogenic autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (Bradl et al, ; Hillebrand et al, ). The reaction of glia in these models not only depends upon the mechanisms of inflammation but also on the extent and type of antibody mediated tissue injury.…”