Circulating Calprotectin as a Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity

Mähler, Michael; Meroni, Pier Luigi; Infantino, María; Buhler, Katherine; Fritzler, Marvin J.

doi:10.1080/1744666x.2021.1905526

Cited by 80 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…All these reports suggest that CLP can be considered as an effective biomarker used in precision medicine. However, it should be remembered that its increase was also observed in other inflammations associated with autoimmune, cancer and infectious diseases (including COVID-19) [90,91]. New drugs are currently being investigated in the early stages that would affect the CLP-mediated inflation by blocking secretion, inhibiting CLP expression, interacting with the CLP receptor and inducing innate immune tolerance [92].…”

Section: Targeting Calprotectin (Clp)/s100a8/a9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Monocytes and Macrophages for Personalized Therapy and Diagnostic Challenge in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Roszkowski

Ciechomska

2021

Cells

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Monocytes/macrophages play a central role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Activation of these cells results in the production of various mediators responsible for inflammation and RA pathogenesis. On the other hand, the depletion of macrophages using specific antibodies or chemical agents can prevent their synovial tissue infiltration and subsequently attenuates inflammation. Their plasticity is a major feature that helps the switch from a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory state (M2). Therefore, understanding the precise strategy targeting pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages should be a powerful way of inhibiting chronic inflammation and bone erosion. In this review, we demonstrate potential consequences of different epigenetic regulations on inflammatory cytokines production by monocytes. In addition, we present unique profiles of monocytes/macrophages contributing to identification of new biomarkers of disease activity or predicting treatment response in RA. We also outline novel approaches of tuning monocytes/macrophages by biologic drugs, small molecules or by other therapeutic modalities to reduce arthritis. Finally, the importance of cellular heterogeneity of monocytes/macrophages is highlighted by single-cell technologies, which leads to the design of cell-specific therapeutic protocols for personalized medicine in RA in the future.

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Section: Targeting Calprotectin (Clp)/s100a8/a9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Monocytes and Macrophages for Personalized Therapy and Diagnostic Challenge in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Roszkowski

Ciechomska

2021

Cells

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“…Elevated levels of CLP is found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and lung tissue of pneumonia patients 23 . Serum CLP could be potential biomarker for COVID-19 and further research is required to test this hypothesis 24 . Colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) is a cytokine-coding gene associated with respiratory diseases such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung epithelial cells

Chandrashekar

Athar

Manne

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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During 2020, understanding the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of COVID-19) became a scientific priority due to the devastating effects of the COVID-19. Many researchers have studied the effect of this viral infection on lung epithelial transcriptomes and deposited data in public repositories. Comprehensive analysis of such data could pave the way for development of efficient vaccines and effective drugs. In the current study, we obtained high-throughput gene expression data associated with human lung epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS, H1N1, avian influenza, rhinovirus and Dhori, then performed comparative transcriptome analysis to identify SARS-CoV-2 exclusive genes. The analysis yielded seven SARS-CoV-2 specific genes including CSF2 [GM-CSF] (colony-stimulating factor 2) and calcium-binding proteins (such as S100A8 and S100A9), which are known to be involved in respiratory diseases. The analyses showed that genes involved in inflammation are commonly altered by infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. Furthermore, results of protein–protein interaction analyses were consistent with a functional role of CSF2 and S100A9 in COVID-19 disease. In conclusion, our analysis revealed cellular genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human lung epithelium; these are potential therapeutic targets.

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“…(47). Impotently, as mentioned S100A8/S100A9 levels were reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes such as significantly reduced survival time, especially in patients with severe pulmonary disease (48). SPP1 protein, also known as osteopenia, represents a multifunctional molecule playing a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Distinct Autoantibodies in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Liu

Ebinger

Mostafa

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background. Improved knowledge regarding the prevalence and clinical significance of the broad spectrum of autoantibodies triggered by SARS-CoV2 infection can clarify the underlying pathobiology, enhance approaches to evaluating heterogeneity of COVID‐19 clinical manifestations, and potentially guide options for targeting immunosuppressive therapy as the need for more effective interventions continues to evolve. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of autoimmune antibodies in diverse cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive healthcare workers and measure the extent to which factors associated with triggered autoimmunity are activated even following mild and asymptomatic infection. Methods. Antigen microarrays were used to profile reactivity of IgG autoantibodies against 91 proteins and cytokines based on autoantibody profiling studies in autoimmune diseases. Results. In this discovery screening study, we found that 90% of the IgG positive individuals demonstrated reactivity to at least one autoantibody. When compared to results of the same assays conducted on samples from pre-COVID-19 controls, our primary cohort of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positivity had significantly elevated IgG against twelve additional proteins including CHD3, CTLA4, HARS, IFNA4, INS, MIF, MX1, RNF41, S100A9, SRP19, TROVE2, and VEGFA. These findings confirmed that all severity levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection, even asymptomatic infections, trigger a robust and diverse autoimmune response; our results also highlight the utility of multiparametric autoantibody detection in this setting. Interpretation. Taken together, our findings underscore the serological diversity underlying the clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection and its sequelae, including the long-Covid phenotypes.

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Circulating Calprotectin as a Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity

Cited by 80 publications

References 152 publications

Tuning Monocytes and Macrophages for Personalized Therapy and Diagnostic Challenge in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Tuning Monocytes and Macrophages for Personalized Therapy and Diagnostic Challenge in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung epithelial cells

Predominance of Distinct Autoantibodies in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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