Circulating Gastrointestinal Hormone Changes in Marathon Running

O'Connor, AM; Johnston, C.F.; Buchanan, KD; Boreham, Cag; Trinick, TR; Riddoch, CJ

doi:10.1055/s-2007-973006

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This reduced or delayed insulin response has also been reported by other investigators (21,25,27,32,33,37,Fig. 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Changes in plasma volume were estimated according to Dill and Costill (11). Plasma insulin, VIP, GIP, gastrin, and GLP-1 were measured by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays, as previously described (1,32). The sensitivity of these assays was 0.5 ng/l for insulin, 10 ng/l for VIP, 15 ng/l for GIP, 10 ng/l for gastrin, and 30 ng/l for GLP-1.…”

Section: Blood Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The gastroenteroinsular response to glucose ingestion during postexercise recovery

O’Connor¹,

Pola

Ward

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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-This study examined gastrointestinal hormone and peptide responses when glucose was ingested after prolonged exercise. Six endurance-trained male athletes ran on a treadmill for 2 h at 60% V O2 max. Immediately after the run, the athletes consumed 75 g of glucose in 250 ml of water (ExGLU) or flavored water as a placebo control (ExPL). On a separate visit, the athletes rested for 2 h and then consumed glucose (Con-GLU). During the first 60 min of recovery from exercise alone (ExPL), plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) all increased significantly, whereas glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were unchanged from the immediate postexercise value. When glucose was ingested after exercise (ExGLU), glucose, insulin, VIP, gastrin, GLP-1, and GIP were all increased (P Ͻ 0.01). However, when glucose was ingested after resting for 2 h (ConGLU), VIP levels were unaffected, although glucose, insulin, gastrin, GLP-1, and GIP levels increased (P Ͻ 0.05). The plasma glucose response was greater (P Ͻ 0.03) and the plasma insulin response lower (P Ͻ 0.004) during ExGLU compared with ConGLU. There was a significantly higher (P Ͻ 0.01) VIP response during the initial period of recovery in ExGLU than there was with both ExPL and ConGLU. Plasma VIP showed a modest negative correlation with circulating glucose (r ϭ Ϫ0.35, P Ͻ 0.03) and insulin (r ϭ Ϫ0.37, P Ͻ 0.03) during the ExGLU recovery period. In summary, when glucose is ingested after prolonged exercise, there is mild insulin resistance and a corresponding rapid transitory increase in plasma VIP. These data suggest that VIP may play an important glucoregulatory role when glucose is ingested during the immediate postexercise recovery period. insulin resistance; gut peptides; exercise performance; carbohydrate THE IMMEDIATE POSTEXERCISE PERIOD appears to be associated with mild reversible insulin resistance, which is characterized by an attenuated insulin response and an increased glucose response to oral glucose (10,21,25,27,33,37,39,43). The physiological basis for the increased glucose response has been shown to be partly a function of greater release of glucose from the splanchnic tissues (20,30,39). Gut peptides and hormones of the enteroinsular axis may also play an important functional role in fuel homeostasis and contribute to maintaining a balance between energy utilization and mobilization. The metabolic role of peptides from the enteroinsular axis, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP; also called glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are known. However, the response of these peptides during recovery from exercise and the role they may play after glucose ingestion in the immediate postexercise period is less clear.VIP is secreted by the central (CNS) and peripheral (including enteric) nervous systems in response to duodenal acidification, gastric distention, and meal consumption (6, 40). Its actions incl...

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“…This reduced or delayed insulin response has also been reported by other investigators (21,25,27,32,33,37,Fig. 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Blood Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gastroenteroinsular response to glucose ingestion during postexercise recovery

O’Connor¹,

Pola

Ward

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acute exercise has also been shown to increase plasma PP levels, not only whilst fasting (69,71,72) but also postprandially (73) , although the increase is dependent on the intensity of exercise (74) . Chronic exercise, on the other hand, has been shown not to increase fasting cholecystokinin levels in active men (68) but to induce a slight increase in fasting PP plasma levels as well as in its postprandial peak (75) in previously-sedentary males.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Appetite-related Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise and restrained eating behaviour on appetite control

Martins

Robertson

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Obesity is a global epidemic; increased consumption of energy-dense food and reduced physical activity levels are likely to be the main drivers. Previous cross-sectional research has shown that sedentary males, unlike their active counterparts, are unable to compensate for previous energy intake (EI). Using a longitudinal design a 6-week exercise intervention was found to improve short-term appetite control, leading to a more 'sensitive' eating behaviour in response to previous EI, both acutely at a test meal and for the next 24 h. Although the mechanisms whereby acute and chronic exercise improves short-term appetite remain unknown, post-ingestive satiety peptides are likely to be involved. Acute exercise was found to increase postprandial levels of polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and pancreatic polypeptide but to have no impact on ghrelin, suggesting that exercise can trigger physiological changes in satiety hormone secretion that could help in appetite control and weight maintenance. In the context of an increased availability of highly-palatable food, dietary restraint may be increasingly important. Although restraint has been associated with abnormal eating behaviour, in the laboratory no counter-regulation was found in restrained eaters when presented with a buffet meal 60 min after a high-energy preload or when a pasta-meal was presented 3 h after preloading. Although restraint was not found to impact on polypeptide YY or TAG, lower postprandial glucose and insulin plasma levels were observed in restrained eaters, together with increased feelings of fullness. In conclusion, short-term appetite control seems to be favourably modified by exercise, while the impact of restraint on appetite seems to be more complex.

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“…81 82However, direct proof that these hormones alter gut function during exercise or induce exercise related gastrointestinal symptoms is lacking.…”

Section: Biological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%