Circulating Immune Complexes and Their Possible Relevance to Other Immunological Parameters in Guatemalan Onchocerciasis

Kawabata, Masato; Izui, Shozo; Anan, Sadao; Kondo, Satoru; Fukumoto, Satoshi; Flores, Guillermo Zea; Kobayakawa, Takatoshi

doi:10.1159/000234854

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Concurrent O. volvulus infection has been shown to affect the immune response to tetanus (18,20,33), Mycobacterium bovis BCG (21,35), and yellow fever vaccines (5). The studies that have shown an impact of O. volvulus on tetanus seroconversion rates, however, have suffered from suboptimal immunization regimens (33) and excessively short (18,33) or noncomparable follow-up observations in infected and control subjects. Thus, the clinical relevance of these observations remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a highly polarized immune environment might affect the immune response to nonparasite antigens. There is evidence from studies of experimental animal models (2,25,32) and humans (3,7,18,20,21,33,36) that chronic helminth infections may bias the cellular response to nonparasite antigens, leading to an inappropriate increase in Th2 cytokine production or a failure to produce the characteristic Th1 (IFN-␥) response.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the case of onchocerciasis, a number of studies have demonstrated an impaired cellular immune response (7,20,21,34) and humoral response (7,20,33) to a number of nonparasite antigens in infected individuals, suggesting that this phenomenon may be common to human helminth infections. Most human studies investigating the impact of helminth infections on vaccine-induced immune responses have examined rather crude markers of cellular immune responses (e.g., delayedtype hypersensitivity skin tests) (20,21,35) and humoral immune responses (e.g., antitetanus IgG) (18,20,33). Helminth infections may also have the potential to alter the immune response qualitatively to resemble the parasite-specific immune response.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human Onchocerciasis and Tetanus Vaccination: Impact on the Postvaccination Antitetanus Antibody Response

et al. 1999

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To investigate whether helminth infections may affect the efficacy of vaccines by impairing the immune response to nonparasite vaccine antigens, we compared the antibody responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) after tetanus vaccination in 193 subjects with Onchocerca volvulus infection with 85 comparable noninfected controls. After vaccination, the proportions of subjects in each group attaining protective levels of antitetanus antibodies were similar (96.9% infected versus 97.6% noninfected). Postvaccination increases in antitetanus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the predominant IgG isotype, IgG1, were equivalent in both groups, as were increases in specific IgG4 and IgE; however, significantly greater increases in specific IgG2 (P < 0.05) and IgG3 (P < 0.001) were observed in the noninfected group. Stratification of the O. volvulus-infected group into two groups representing light and heavy infections revealed a significantly impaired antitetanus IgG response in those with heavy infections compared to those with light infections (P < 0.01) or no infection (P < 0.05). The impact of concurrent intestinal helminth infections on the antitetanus response was also examined; an increased IgG4/IgE ratio was seen in those infected withStrongyloides stercoralis (P < 0.05) and when all helminth infections were combined as a single group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that concurrent infection with O. volvulus does not prevent the development of a protective antitetanus response, although heavier O. volvulus infections are able to alter the magnitude of this response, and concurrent helminth infections (O. volvulusand intestinal helminths) may alter TT-specific antibody isotype responses.

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Human Onchocerciasis and Tetanus Vaccination: Impact on the Postvaccination Antitetanus Antibody Response

et al. 1999

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“…Immune complexes have been detected in the serum of patients with onchocerciasis by a number of investigators using a range of methods (Lambert et al 1978, Paganelli, Ngu & Levinsky 1980, Steward et af. 1982, Greene et al 1983, Kawabata et al 1983; none of these studies were concerned with Onchocera t~olz~uIus specific complexes (OV-IC). It has been suggested that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of nonspecific circulating complexes (NS-IC) and the clinico-pathological features of onchocercal disease (Greene ef al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between clinical disease, circulating antibodies and C1q‐binding immune complexes in human onchocerciasis

Sisley

Mackenzie

Steward

et al. 1987

Parasite Immunology

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Onchocerciasis is a disease where often there are high levels of serum antibodies and high parasitic loads. The role of immune complexes in the development of the disease is investigated here by studying non-specific and Onchocerca volvulus specific immune complex levels, as well as the antibody concentrations, in the sera of 372 people living in either Southern (199) or Northern (173) Sudan; sera from Sudanese individuals (31) and Caucasians (21) living outside the onchocerciasis endemic area were also tested. The levels of non-specific immune complexes (NS-IC) in these sera were measured by a solid phase radio-immunoassay and those of O. volvulus-specific immune complexes (OV-IC) by an assay measuring antibody-excess complexes using C1q-coated plates. The concentrations of O. volvulus IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. Immune complex and antibody levels of the serum donors were compared with regard to their clinical status due to onchocerciasis. These clinical changes were classified according to onchocercal lesions related to either the active destruction of microfilariae (acute changes), or the long term tissue alterations (chronic changes). Data was analysed using the Odds Ratio method. A negative association between microfilarial load and immune complex level was found, with the higher levels of OV-IC present in patients with the lower levels of dermal microfilariae (i.e., less than 10 mf/mg). Significant associations between immune complex levels and the severity of onchocercal disease were also found. Levels of OV-IC specific immune complexes were higher in infected individuals carrying dermal onchocercal lesions than in those without such clinical changes; there was no apparent relationship between these levels and the presence of ocular lesions. OV-IC levels varied considerably within each age group and from age to age. A weak positive association was detected between microfilarial load and parasite-specific IgG antibody concentration in the sera. On average younger individuals (less than 25 years) had the higher antibody levels with a gradual reduction in mean concentrations with age. The significance of these serological findings in terms of the pathogenesis of onchocerciasis is discussed.

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“…1973; Grove and Frobes, 1979; Kawabata et al, 1983). In patients with Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, the previous reports on DTH to unrelated heterologous antigens remain controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chagas' disease: Delayed type hypersensitivity to PPD in relation to seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in Ecuador.

Kawabata

Mimori

Hashiguchi

et al. 1987

Jap. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.

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Abstract:In a population from an area endemic for Chagas' disease in Ecuador, cellmediated immune activity was assessed using delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to PPD. Expression of DTH was significantly suppressed in individuals seropositive to Trypanosoma cruzi, and the suppression was markedly greater in the age group 10-39 years old than those over 40 years.The results show that cell-mediated immune response is apparently suppressed in patients with Chagas' disease, and tends to be restored in chronic stage.No defference was noted in the serum concentration of immunoglobulins between patients and controls.

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Circulating Immune Complexes and Their Possible Relevance to Other Immunological Parameters in Guatemalan Onchocerciasis

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Human Onchocerciasis and Tetanus Vaccination: Impact on the Postvaccination Antitetanus Antibody Response

Human Onchocerciasis and Tetanus Vaccination: Impact on the Postvaccination Antitetanus Antibody Response

Associations between clinical disease, circulating antibodies and C1q‐binding immune complexes in human onchocerciasis

Chagas' disease: Delayed type hypersensitivity to PPD in relation to seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in Ecuador.

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