Circulating Inflammation Markers, Risk of Lung Cancer, and Utility for Risk Stratification

Shiels, Meredith S.; Katki, Hormuzd A.; Hildesheim, Allan; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Engels, Eric A.; Williams, Marcus; Kemp, Troy J.; Caporaso, Neil E.; Pinto, Lígia A.; Chaturvedi, Anil K.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djv199

Cited by 81 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results showed that CXCL9 was associated with lung cancer risk in the replication study, and remained associated with it more than 6 years prior to diagnosis in pooled analyses. Their research suggested that CXCL9 has an etiologic role in lung cancer . On the contrary, Nakanishi et al.…”

Section: Cxcl9 As a Tumor Promotermentioning

confidence: 96%

CXCL9: evidence and contradictions for its role in tumor progression

et al. 2016

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Chemokines are a group of low molecular weight peptides. Their major function is the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites, but they also play a key role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In the last few years, accumulated experimental evidence supports that monokine induced by interferon (IFN)‐gamma (CXCL9), a member of CXC chemokine family and known to attract CXCR3‐ (CXCR3‐A and CXCR3‐B) T lymphocytes, is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of physiologic diseases during their initiation and their maintenance. This review for the first time presents the most comprehensive summary for the role of CXCL9 in different types of tumors, and demonstrates its contradictory role of CXCL9 in tumor progression. Altogether, this is a useful resource for researchers investigating therapeutic opportunities for cancer.

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Section: Cxcl9 As a Tumor Promotermentioning

confidence: 96%

CXCL9: evidence and contradictions for its role in tumor progression

et al. 2016

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“…The hope is that these inflammatory biomarkers will allow oncologists to determine the risk of tumorigenesis or tumor recurrence after surgery. Supporting this approach, inflammation-related biomarkers in plasma have been found to be associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and monokine induced by gamma interferon (CXCL9/MIG) were more prevalent in the blood of patients who went on to develop cancer (95). Other biomarker approaches are simpler and easily implemented.…”

Section: The Role Of Inflammation In Cancer Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and inflammation

Munn

2016

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

204

134

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The relationship between inflammation and cancer has been recognized since the 17th century (6), and we now know much about the cells, cytokines and physiological processes that are central to both inflammation and cancer (39, 62, 66–68, 86, 92, 125). Chronic inflammation can induce certain cancers (11, 14, 27, 59, 61, 76, 79, 82), and solid tumors, in turn, can initiate and perpetuate local inflammatory processes that foster tumor growth and dissemination (7, 17, 67, 96). Consequently, inflammatory pathways have been targeted in attempts to control cancer (22, 46, 47). Inflammation is a central aspect of the innate immune system’s response to tissue damage or infection, and also facilitates the recruitment of circulating cells and antibodies of the adaptive immune response to the tissue. Components of the innate immune response carry out a robust, but sometimes overly-conservative response, sacrificing specificity for the sake of preservation. Thus, when innate immunity goes awry, it can have profound implications. How the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate to neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissues is still an area of intense investigation. Further, how these systems can respond to cancer, which arises from normal “self” cells that undergo an oncogenic transformation, has profound implications for cancer therapy. Recently, immunotherapies that activate adaptive immunity have shown unprecedented promise in the clinic, producing durable responses and dramatic increases in survival rate in patients with advanced stage melanoma (84, 119, 121). Consequently, the relationship between cancer and inflammation has now returned to the forefront of clinical oncology.

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“…28 Given its ability to measure chronic inflammation, CRP has been studied in the lung cancer context as both a measurement of lung cancer risk and as a prognostic marker of disease activity once lung cancer has been diagnosed. 29,30 However, it has not been studied in relation to depression in lung cancer or while undergoing anticancer treatments. Understanding its role as a marker of inflammation that may be associated with the presence of depression in patients with metastatic lung cancer has important and specific treatment implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐reactive protein and its association with depression in patients receiving treatment for metastatic lung cancer

McFarland

Shaffer

Breitbart

et al. 2018

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Depression is highly prevalent in lung cancer. Although there is a known association between inflammation and depression, this relationship has not been examined in patients with lung cancer who undergo treatment with immune and other targeted drug therapies. Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, may help identify metastatic lung cancer patients with inflammation-associated depression. METHOD: Patients with metastatic lung cancer undergoing treatment were evaluated for depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Inflammation (CRP and CRP cutoffs ≥1 and ≥3 mg/mL) and demographic and treatment variables were analyzed for association with depression. RESULTS: One hundred nine consecutive participants exhibited an average plasma CRP concentration of 1.79 mg/mL (median, 0.75 mg/mL [standard deviation, 2.5 mg/mL), and 20.7% had a CRP concentration of ≥3.0 mg/mL; 23.9% met depression screening criteria (HADS ≥8). A log transformation of CRP was significantly correlated with depression severity (r = 0.47, P < .001). CRP was the only covariate to predict depression severity (P = .008) in a multivariate model including lung cancer disease subtype and type of systemic treatment. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that CRP had moderate predictive accuracy in identifying elevated depression (area under the curve = 0.74). A cutoff of CRP ≥3.0 generated high specificity (88%) but identified only 50% of those with elevated depression. CONCLUSION: Elevated CRP is associated with depression in patients with metastatic lung cancer. Thus, CRP may identify a subset of lung cancer patients with inflammation-induced depression and may be useful in predicting response to treatments that target inflammation or its downstream mediators on the brain.

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Circulating Inflammation Markers, Risk of Lung Cancer, and Utility for Risk Stratification

Cited by 81 publications

References 33 publications

CXCL9: evidence and contradictions for its role in tumor progression

CXCL9: evidence and contradictions for its role in tumor progression

Cancer and inflammation

C‐reactive protein and its association with depression in patients receiving treatment for metastatic lung cancer

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