Circulating inflammatory factors associated with worse long-term prognosis in colorectal cancer

Abstract

AIMTo investigate association of circulating inflammatory factors at the time of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery with survival.METHODSPlasma levels from 174 CRC patients (69 females and 105 men), with median age 70 years (range 29-90), localized in the colon (n = 105) or rectum (n = 69), with stage I (n = 24), stage II (n = 54), stage III (n = 67) and stage IV (n = 29) were measured using commercially available Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel 40-Plex, including 40 different chemokines, cytokines and interleukins. The prognostic association of each inflammatory factor was analysed as CRC-specific and total mortality.RESULTSOut of 174 patients, 66 died during the follow-up, 40 because of CRC specific mortality. High tertile levels of 8 factors were significantly associated with increased CRC-specific mortality, of which CCL1, CCL20, CCL24, CX3CL1, IL-4 and TNF-α remained significant in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. High tertile levels of 14 factors were associated with increased total mortality, of which CCL1, CCL15, CCL20, CX3CL1, CXCL13, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 remained significant after adjustment for clinical covariates. For most of the inflammatory factors the association between higher tertile levels and an increased mortality in general appeared two years after surgery. High tertile levels of TNF-α and CCL24 were exclusively associated with CRC-specific mortality. The distribution of these factors were not associated with TNM stage with exception for CCL20.CONCLUSIONHigh plasma levels of inflammatory factors are associated with increased risk of mortality among CRC patients and could be potential biomarkers for revealing prognosis.

Prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer using three new comprehensive indexes related to infection, anemia and coagulation derived from peripheral blood

“…Numerous articles had analyzed the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the CRC progression and prognosis. Although the specific mechanism of action is still controversial, but it becomes a consensus among many researchers that the inflammatory response that accompanies cancers can induce and promote tumor progression [24][25][26] . It is now widely accepted that: Many tumor-promoting effects of "smouldering" inflammation in the tumor microenvironment play the carcinogenic role through external pathways (inflammatory environment that increases the risk of cancer) or internal pathways (genetic changes), which ultimately affect the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, promote angiogenesis and metastasis, destroy adaptive immune response, and change the response to hormones and chemotherapy drugs [27] .…”

CXCL-13 Regulates Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer

“…So far, anecdotal evidence suggests that CXCL-13 together with CXCR5 might play increasingly vital roles in regulating tumor occurrence, progression, metastasis and prognosis in the microenvironment where the tumor is located [16][17][18][19]. Some recent studies have found that CXCL-13 has a predictive value for the prognosis of patients with CRC [20,21]. Besides those previous researches, the function of CXCL-13 in the response to CRC to 5-Fu-based chemotherapy and drug resistance remains a big mystery.…”

Adiponectin, Leptin, IGF-1, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha As Potential Serum Biomarkers for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenoma in African Americans

“…The role of metabolic markers such as leptin, adiponectin, IGF-1, and TNF-α in the progression of diseases is becoming more significant. Indeed several studies have previously reported the correlation of such markers, individually, with colorectal neoplasia in different populations ( 34 – 38 ). However, none of these studies have addressed the association of these metabolic markers combined with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in a African Americans a population with higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes and colon cancer than other ethnic groups in the US population.…”