Circulating lymphocyte subsets in second- and third-trimester fetuses: Comparison with newborns and adults

Berry, Stanley M.; Fine, Nancy; Bichalski, Jennifer A.; Cotton, David B.; Dombrowski, Mitchell P.; Kaplan, Joseph

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(12)80008-1

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…46 All published data for Europeans showed a significantly higher relative frequency of CD5-B cells in adults than in newborns, and CD5-B cells were the major B cell type in adults (median range = 60-75% of all B cells) but a minor B cell type in cord blood (range = 10-25%). 45,46,[52][53][54][55] Our results with European newborns and adults confirm these data. Strikingly, however, Gabonese newborns had significantly higher frequencies of CD5-B cells than their European counterparts, and most Gabonese newborn B cell populations lacked surface CD5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Further evidence of in utero priming of the fetal immune system is in the higher relative frequencies of CD5-B cells in the Gabonese newborns than in the European newborns. It has been hypothesized that the functionally naive low-affinity, polyreactive antibodies produced spontaneously by CD5+ B cells [45][46][47] could provide a relatively primitive antimicrobial first-line defense in the fetus and newborn. 46,[48][49][50][51] Their gradual decrease in frequency with age, accompanied by an increase in the frequency of CD5-B cells, may represent an ontologic shift towards use of cells capable of mounting a high-affinity, fine-specificity, memory antibody response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of In Utero Sensitization to Schistosoma haematobium with Enhanced Cord Blood IgE and Increased Frequencies of CD5– B Cells in African Newborns

Seydel

Petelski²,

Dam³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study investigated in utero priming as a consequence of maternal parasitic infections. Cord blood plasma samples of 63 African newborns were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their content of total and schistosome-specific or filaria-specific IgE and IgG4. The frequencies of lymphocyte phenotypes in cord blood were also determined by using flow cytometry, and were compared with those of European newborns. We found significantly increased schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA)-specific IgE in cord plasma of those born to mothers with schistosome infections and correlations between fetal and maternal SEA-specific and filaria antigen-specific IgE. These data are evidence for in utero priming of the fetal immune system to maternal helminth infections. Furthermore, we show significantly enhanced percentages of CD5-B cells in African newborns cord blood compared with Europeans, which is consistent with earlier maturation of the African fetal immune system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of In Utero Sensitization to Schistosoma haematobium with Enhanced Cord Blood IgE and Increased Frequencies of CD5– B Cells in African Newborns

Seydel

Petelski²,

Dam³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Lymphocytes are detected in the human embryo at approximately 3.5 weeks of gestation [21,22]. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets appear in the fetal circulation after the 14th week of gestation as a reflection of intrathymic maturation [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte Subsets in Cord Blood of Preterm Infants: Effect of Antenatal Steroids

Chabra¹,

Cottrill²,

Rayens³

et al. 1998

Neonatology

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The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the influence of gestational age (GA) and short-term antenatal steroids on total lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subsets in cord blood from preterm infants. Two-color flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte subsets were performed on cord blood collected from 67 infants. These infants were grouped according to GA: group I (term, n = 19); group II (GA 33–37 weeks, n = 25); group III (GA <33 weeks, n = 23). The mean absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) in groups I, II and III were 5.6 ± 2.5 × 10³/µl, 4.3 ± 1.5 × 10³/µl and 3.5 ± 1.8 × 10³/µl respectively. The mean values for CD4+ lymphocytes in groups I, II and III were 2.7 ± 0.8 × 10³/µl, 2.0 ± 0.8 × 10³/µl and 1.6 ± 0.9 × 10³/µl respectively. Mean values for CD8+ lymphocytes were 0.9 ± 0.3 × 10³/µl, 0.6 ± 0.3 × 10³/µl and 0.5 ± 0.3 × 10³/µl respectively. With decreasing GA, there was a statistically significant decrease in ALC (p = 0.0035), CD4+ lymphocytes (p = 0.0013) and CD8+ lymphocytes (p = 0.0064). We then evaluated the effect of antenatal steroids, now routinely administered to women with preterm onset of labor to facilitate fetal lung maturation, and found that after adjusting for GA, infants of women on antenatal steroids had significantly fewer ALC (p = 0.0001), CD4+ lymphocytes (p = 0.02) and CD25+ lymphocytes (p = 0.03). In this population of infants, the decreased number of lymphocytes seen at younger GAs is associated with antenatal steroid use.

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“…Cordocentesis and venipuncture were used to obtain 1 to 6 mL of fetal blood and 1 to 10 mL of maternal blood, respectively. The method of cordocentesis has been previously described (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Maternal Histocompatibility at Class II HLA Loci with Maternal Microchimerism in the Fetus

et al. 2004

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For investigating the possible influence of maternal-fetal HLA compatibility on maternal microchimerism, DNA samples from blood of 120 maternal-fetal pairs were genotyped at two polymorphic loci: glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Informative pairs (mother heterozygous/fetus homozygous at one of the two loci) were then tested by quantitative real-time PCR for the noninherited maternal allele(s) and genotyped at the HLA-A, B, and C class I loci and/or at the DRB1 and/or DQB1 class II loci. Small numbers of maternal cells were detected in the circulation of 16 of the 30 informative second-and third-trimester fetuses. Comparison with HLA data suggested an association between microchimerism and maternal compatibility at the class II DRB1 and/or DQB1 HLA loci and with the maternal HLA-DQB1*0301 allele. There was no relationship between maternal microchimerism and maternal-fetal HLA compatibility at other HLA loci or with gestational age, fetal anomalies, or red cell or platelet isoimmunity. Transplacental passage of small numbers of maternal and fetal nucleated cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, is a common occurrence that often results in persistent fetal or maternal microchimerism-the presence of small numbers of fetal or maternal cells in mothers or their progeny, respectively (1-3). This raises the possibility that maternal and fetal microchimerism may play a role in such clinically important phenomena as immune ontogeny, vertical transmission of infections, and tissue repair and regeneration by transdifferentiated stem cells. Particular interest has focused on the possibility that chimeric maternal and fetal alloreactive lymphocytes may play a role in autoimmunity (4 -6). Although an increasing number of clinical studies have addressed this question, there has been a paucity of information concerning the factors that regulate the presence and levels of naturally occurring maternal and fetal chimeric cells.Among the possible regulatory factors that might be involved, maternal-fetal histocompatibility seems to be a prime candidate in view of the importance of histocompatibility in regulating hematopoietic chimerism in both adult and fetal recipients of adult bone marrow. In this study, we directly tested for the first time the influence of maternal-fetal histocompatibility and specific HLA alleles on both the presence and level of maternal microchimerism in the fetus. The results strongly suggest that maternal microchimerism in fetal blood is associated with maternal compatibility at the class II DRB1 and/or DQB1 HLA loci and is likely also associated with the maternal HLA-DQB1*0301 allele. METHODSStudy subjects. Paired whole-blood samples were obtained from 120 maternal-fetal pairs who underwent fetal blood sampling for a variety of medical indications, including red cell or platelet alloimmunization, and the need for rapid karyotyping mandated by an ultrasound diagnosis of fetal anomalies. The gestational age at fetal blood sampling ranged from 18.3 wk to 38 wk ...

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Circulating lymphocyte subsets in second- and third-trimester fetuses: Comparison with newborns and adults

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Association of In Utero Sensitization to Schistosoma haematobium with Enhanced Cord Blood IgE and Increased Frequencies of CD5– B Cells in African Newborns

Association of In Utero Sensitization to Schistosoma haematobium with Enhanced Cord Blood IgE and Increased Frequencies of CD5– B Cells in African Newborns

Lymphocyte Subsets in Cord Blood of Preterm Infants: Effect of Antenatal Steroids

Association of Maternal Histocompatibility at Class II HLA Loci with Maternal Microchimerism in the Fetus

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