Circulating microbiota and metabolites: Insights into cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Background:In almost every country, cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death, which are responsible for 17.7 million deaths worldwide, or 54% of all deaths.However, the latest evidence has shown that non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular events are significantly influenced by the blood microbiota and circulating metabolites. Methods:We searched online databases for the most recent related papers through the comprehensive international databases of the Institute of PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI/WOS, and Scopus up to August 2022, using MESH terms and the related keywords in the English language. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, the studies' findings were assessed and reported. Results:The study demonstrated that the bacterial profiles of patients with cardiovascular diseases and healthy individuals are significantly different. The diseased patients showed a significantly high abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, an important Proteobacterial component known as lipopolysaccharides that has been linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, while phylum Firmicutes were found in healthy individuals. It suggests that Proteobacteria has a direct role in the onset of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion:We focused on the blood bacterial composition and circulating microbial metabolites in their relationship with the etiology and onset of cardiovascular disease. However, the various genera and species in the results reported were not always identical. Therefore, the microbial community structure of blood was more complicated and thus required a more in-depth exploration.

Blood circulating bacterial DNA in hospitalized old COVID-19 patients

“…Conversely, we found no association between BB-DNA with other pre‐existing comorbidities such as hypertension, stroke, COPD, or ischemic heart disease. Very few studies in the literature measure BB-DNA levels in age-related diseases, and an increase in circulating bacterial DNA has been observed in cardiovascular (CVD) patients compared with healthy individuals and associated with cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients [ 41 , 42 ]. However, the lack of association between BB-DNA and CVD may depend on the small sample size and differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients studied.…”

The Gut Microbiome and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…It has been hypothesized that intestinal microbes confer many metabolic capabilities needed for the preservation of the host’s immune homeostasis and that alterations of the gut microbiome composition (dysbiosis) could lead to immune alterations contributing to the development of a number of systemic disorders [ 23 , 24 ] Notably, numerous studies have shown its association with a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and lupus nephritis, while a number of persuasive interventional studies have further demonstrated that microbiome modulating strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), can induce remission of some of these conditions and modulate treatment response [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Gut Microbial Metabolome and Dysbiosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Psychobiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach—A Comprehensive Narrative Review

“…It is now known that the brain regulates intestinal functions in communication with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as the autonomic nervous system (ANS) [4,5]. In addition, the intestine modulates certain functions in the central nervous system (CNS) involving various metabolites produced by the microbiota, as certain gut hormones and neuroactive compounds that propagate through the enteric nervous system 2 of 38 (ENS), the circulatory system, the vagus nerve, or the immune system, until reaching the brain [6,7]. This chain of communication forms the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis, where it is estimated that 10 13 -10 14 live microorganisms exist.…”