Circulating microRNAs: New biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer (Review)

Allegra, Alessandro; Alonci, Andrea; Campo, Salvatore; Penna, Giuseppa; Petrungaro, Annamaria; Gerace, Demetrio; Musolino, Caterina

doi:10.3892/ijo.2012.1647

Cited by 321 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Blood-based miRNA profiling is not as reliable as tissue-based miRNA-profiling, but offers the potential for early, non-invasive, sensitive and specific cervical cancer detection and screening. Recently, several circulating miRNAs have been identified as potential serum biomarkers in different cancer types (19). These serum miRNAs may be effective as predictive biomarkers in cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling analysis of circulating microRNA expression in cervical cancer

Nagamitsu

Nishi

Sasaki

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is altered in cancer cells and is associated with the development and progression of various types of cancer. Accordingly, miRNAs may serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. In this study, we attempted to analyze circulating exosomal miRNA in patients with cervical cancer. Total RNA was extracted from the serum of healthy subjects, subjects with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and patients with cervical cancer. We first investigated miRNA expression profiles in 6 serum samples from healthy subjects and patients with cervical cancer using the miRCURY LNA microRNA array. miRNAs with significant differences in expression were validated in a larger sample set by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, using TaqMan gene expression assays. The results of the miRCURY LNA microRNA array indicated that 6 of 1,223 miRNAs found in serum samples from cervical cancer patients and normal controls exhibited a >3.0-fold change in expression level in subjects with cervical cancer, with a P-value of <0.01. In a validation set (n=131) that investigated the expression of 4 of the 6 miRNAs (miR-483-5p, miR-1246, miR-1275 and miR-1290), miR-1290 was found to have significantly higher expression levels in cervical cancer samples (n=45) compared with control samples (n=31). We also found that the median levels of these miRNAs were significantly higher in subjects with cervical cancer (n=45) compared with those in subjects with CIN (n=55). Circulating miRNAs were not correlated with clinicopathological parameters. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that these serum miRNAs may be useful diagnostic markers in cervical cancer. The expression of circulating miR-1290 was significantly higher in the blood of cervical cancer patients compared with that in controls and may thus serve as a useful biomarker in cervical cancer diagnosis. However, larger studies are required to fully elucidate the role of circulating exosomal miRNAs in cervical cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling analysis of circulating microRNA expression in cervical cancer

Nagamitsu

Nishi

Sasaki

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…Moreover, many studies have shown that miRNAs are stable in blood samples, thus, making the quantitative detection of miRNAs in blood feasible. Therefore, miRNAs in blood have been extensively studied as biomarkers for GC diagnosis, prognosis and treatment (20)(21)(22)(23)), yet, specific circulating miRNAs associated with distant metastasis in GC remain unidentified. The aim of the present study was to identify specific miRNAs in GC/DM plasma samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma miR-122 and miR-192 as potential novel biomarkers for the early detection of distant metastasis of gastric cancer

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2014

Oncology Reports

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether plasma levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with distant metastasis (DM) in gastric cancer (GC). miRNA profiling was performed on 12 pairs of samples of gastric cancer with distant metastasis (GC/DM) and gastric cancer with no distant metastasis (GC/NDM); 14 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified for further inspection. Validation of these 14 miRNAs using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) on an independent validation set identified 2 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-122 and miR-192). Further validation of these two candidate miRNAs was conducted in a disease control set, a self-paired plasma set and finally in gastric cell lines in vitro. The results revealed that when compared with GC/NDM and healthy controls (HCs), plasma levels of miR-122 were significantly lower and plasma levels of miR-192 were significantly higher in GC/DM samples (both P<0.01). The plasma miR-122 level was again lower and the plasma miR-192-level was again higher in patients with GC/DM than in patients with benign gastric ulcer (BGC) and chronic gastritis (CG) (P<0.01). Compared to the level in patients with pre-distant metastases, miR-122 was significantly decreased while miR-192 was markedly elevated in patients with post-distant metastases (P<0.01). In CTC105 and CTC141 cells, miR-122 levels were moderately lower and miR-192 levels were markedly higher when compared to the levels in the GES-1 cells. ROC analyses showed that the AUC for plasma miR-122 was 0.808 (95% CI, 0.712-0.905; P<0.01), and the AUC for plasma miR-192 was 0.732 (95% CI, 0.623-0.841; P<0.01) for distinguishing GC/ DM from GC/NDM. High expression of miR-122 in plasma independently contributed to a more favorable prognosis for GC (hazard ratio, 0.262; 95% CI, 0.164-0.816; P= 0.038; Cox regression analysis), whereas the miR-192 level was not associated with the overall survival time. Our results demonstrated that assessment of decreased circulating miR-122 and elevated circulating miR-192 levels has the potential to improve early detection of DM in GC. Higher plasma levels of miR-122 in GC may indicate a favorable prognosis.

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“…These noncoding RNAs function by regulating gene expression through mRNA degradation or the inhibition of protein translation (1,2) and are dysregulated in all cancers (3). Interestingly, miRNAs have also recently been discovered extracellularly, contained in body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, milk, and spinal fluid (4)(5)(6)(7). These circulating miRNAs are embedded in microvesicles (MVs)/exosomes, which are small, membrane-derived particles, usually 30 nm to 1 μm in size (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles containing miRNAs promote muscle cell death in cancer cachexia viaTLR7

Calore

Londhe

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression. The aberrant expression of miRNAs is commonly associated with cancer. miRNAs can be packaged in exosomes/microvesicles secreted by the cells and involved in cell-to-cell signaling and communication; tumor-secreted miRNAs promote tumor spread and growth in the surrounding microenvironment. Apoptosis is reported to take place in wasting muscle in cancer cachexia, a debilitating syndrome associated with multiple types of cancer, although the mechanism remains elusive. This study shows that tumor-secreted microvesicles contain an elevated expression of miR-21 and induce myoblast apoptosis in cancer cachexia via a Toll-like receptor 7-c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathway.

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Circulating microRNAs: New biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer (Review)

Abstract: Abstract. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded RNAs.

Cited by 321 publications

References 199 publications

Profiling analysis of circulating microRNA expression in cervical cancer

Profiling analysis of circulating microRNA expression in cervical cancer

Plasma miR-122 and miR-192 as potential novel biomarkers for the early detection of distant metastasis of gastric cancer

Microvesicles containing miRNAs promote muscle cell death in cancer cachexia viaTLR7

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