Circulating neurotransmitters during the different wake–sleep stages in normal subjects

Lechín, Fuad; Pardey-Maldonado, Betty; Dijs, Bertha van der; Benaim, M E; Baez, Scarlet; Orozco, Beatriz; Lechin, Alex E.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00095-7

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Lechin et al (2004) reported an increase by 15.9% in the level of plasma serotonin in healthy volunteers instructed to perform a treadmill exercise test consisting of 5 minutes walking exercises at 2mph.…”

Section: Exercise and Serotonergic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample size of 20 was considered appropriate. This figure was considered appropriate based on the report of similar studies on the effect of exercise on pain relieving peptides (Goldfrab et al1997;Lechin et al 2004;Sheps et al 1988). …”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were requested to refrain from smoking and taking caffeine and/ or alcohol for at least 12 hours before the exercise testing, because this may potentially influenced plasma concentration of serotonin and beta endorphins (Lechin et al 2004). Participants were asked questions to ensure their compliance in this regard, prior to initial assessments.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises

Sokunbi

Moore

Watt

2008

South African Journal of Physiotherapy

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The results of this study showed that spinal stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises produced significant increase in plasma serotonin levels (P < 0.05) however there were no significant changes in the plasma levels of beta-endorphin in all the exercise groups (P > 0.05).It could be that biochemical effects associated with stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises therefore may involve production of serotonin and its release into the plasma.

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Section: Exercise and Serotonergic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises

Sokunbi

Moore

Watt

2008

South African Journal of Physiotherapy

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“…These findings are consistent with the well known fact that essential hypertensive humans and rats do not show the zero-firing activity of the LC-NA neurons necessary for the occurrence of rapid-eye-movement sleep stage. 5 In effect, this sleep stage is not registered in them. 3,4 …”

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confidence: 99%

Neural Sympathetic Activity in Essential Hypertension

2004

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We read with great interest the article by Schlaich et al 1 dealing with the issue of sympathetic augmentation in hypertension. In 1993, we demonstrated that neural sympathetic activity predominance is registered in essential hypertensive patients. 2 These findings were supported by the overwhelming circulating noradrenaline (NA) versus adrenaline (Ad) levels registered throughout the oral glucose tolerance test. This NA versus Ad predominance has also been demonstrated through the supineresting/1-minute orthostasis/5-minute moderate exercise test. This test is based on the findings of Robertson et al, who demonstrated that NA, but not Ad, peaks at 1-minute orthostasis. Thus, this test allowed the investigation of both neural and adrenal sympathetic release, separately. With respect to this, we have performed this test in some 25 000 normal and diseased subjects, and the results have been published in Ͼ50 research articles and in 3 books dealing with the autonomic nervous system. 3,4 Our results might be summarized as follows: the normal NA/Ad plasma ratio is lower than 2 during the supineresting situation. This NA/Ad ratio rises to 3 to 4 in normal subjects during 1-minute orthostasis. The NA/Ad ratio does not increase, but decreases in nonessential hypertensive and/or stressed subjects, despite the global assessment that plasma catecholamines show significant increases. Conversely, essential hypertensive patients show great NA rise but none or poor Ad rise at 1-minute orthostasis. Thus, the NA/Ad ratio shows maximal increase, reaching levels Ͼ8. Plasma dopamine (DA) values do not increase in essential hypertensive patients. Thus, the NA/DA ratio shows significant rise at the 1-minute orthostasis test. The opposite NA/DA profile is registered in neurogenic hypotension. This issue should be associated with the very well-known fact that DA modulatory pool exists at sympathetic terminals, and, acting at DA-2 presynaptic inhibitory receptors, is able to regulate the NA release from those terminals. Finally, in our experience, the measurement of circulating neurotransmitters in accordance with the orthostasis test is the more accurate procedure to differentiate neural sympathetic activity from adrenal-gland sympathetic activity. The former depends on the locus coeruleus (LC) pontine-NA nucleus, and the latter is ruled directly by medullary Cl-Ad nuclei. Additional information comes from the assessment of circulating indolamines. Free-serotonin in the plasma is raised in nonessential hypertensive, but not in essential hypertensive, patients. This phenomenon correlates with the raised Ad plasma levels responsible for the increased platelet aggregation that we also find in the former group. In addition to the above, we demonstrated that Ad, but not NA, plasma level shows an absolute fall during the rapid-eyemovement sleep stage in both essential hypertensive patients and essential hypertensive rats. 4 Conversely, both NA and Ad reach almost zero values in nonessential hypertensive patients at this period. These findi...

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“…Sleep behavior, therefore, allowed study of potential changes in cholinergic function in an alternative brain area not directly associated with learning and memory. As might be expected, there were no major changes in wakefulness, drowsy state, nor slow wave phases of consciousness since the regulation of these stages is controlled by a dynamic interaction of several other neurotransmitters besides ACh, like serotonin, dopamine, and catecholamines (Lechin et al, 2004;Zoltoski et al, 1998). However, the data for REM sleep was different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

In utero methanesulfonyl fluoride differentially affects learning and maze performance in the absence of long-lasting cholinergic changes in the adult rat

Carcoba

Santiago

Moss

et al. 2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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There is increasing evidence that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may have various specific developmental roles in brain development. Nevertheless, specific effects of AChE inhibition during early brain development have not been adequately described. Therefore, methanesulfonyl fluoride (MSF), an irreversible AChE inhibitor that shows high selectivity for the CNS was used to produce AChE inhibition in utero to study subsequent adult behaviors, sleep, and cholinergic markers. Rats exposed to MSF in utero showed a deficit in spatial learning tasks using appetitive motivation but, surprisingly, they performed equally well or better than controls when aversive motivation was used. One hypothesis was that MSF treatment in utero affected the response to stress. Tests of anxiety however showed no differences in basal levels of anxiety. Studies of sleep behavior, however, indicated a higher level of REM sleep which is only seen during the light phase of male rats exposed to MSF in utero as compared to controls. No differences in cholinergic markers in the brains of adults were found except that females exposed to MSF in utero had a higher level of ChAT activity in the synaptosomal fraction of the hippocampus. Even so, whether cholinergic alterations accompany the in utero MSF exposure remains to be determined. The failure to find widespread changes in cholinergic markers in the adult brains suggests changes in behaviors should be further investigated by testing the participation of postsynaptic mechanisms, measuring of cholinergic markers during earlier development periods and the possible participation of other neurotransmitter systems to clearly reveal the role of the cholinergic system following in utero MSF exposure.

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Circulating neurotransmitters during the different wake–sleep stages in normal subjects

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises

Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises

Neural Sympathetic Activity in Essential Hypertension

In utero methanesulfonyl fluoride differentially affects learning and maze performance in the absence of long-lasting cholinergic changes in the adult rat

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