Circulating serum fatty acid synthase is elevated in patients with diabetes and carotid artery stenosis and is LDL-associated

Silva, Gayan S. De; Desai, Kshitij; Darwech, Malik; Naim, U; Jin, Xiaohua; Adak, Sangeeta; Harroun, Nikolai; Sánchez, Luis A.; Semenkovich, Clay F.; Zayed, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.016

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Original FAS from the liver is reported in the blood circulation and associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. LDL may serve as a carrier for FAS in the circulation [14]. This data were in accordance with our results that showed there was a positive correlation between the levels of FAS serum and the expression of FAS gene (p < 0.05) (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats

Nadiyah

Hastuti

Sunarti

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: The expression and activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymes determine de novo fatty acid synthesis, which can be enhanced by a high-fat and high fructose diet or inhibited by some bioactive compound diets. Beets are a great source of therapeutic compounds that have the potential to improve health and prevent disease. AIM: This study examined the effects of beets on liver FAS gene expression and FAS levels. METHODS: A total of 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: (1) Standard diet (n); (2) high fat and fructose diet (HFFD); (3) HFFD have given beet 6%-contained standard diet (B1); (4) HFFD have given beet 9%-contained standard diet (B2), and (5) HFFD have given beet 12%-contained standard diet (B3). The HFFD was given to rats in the 2, 3, 4, and 5 group diets for 8 weeks? and then 3, 4, and 5 groups received beet-contained standard diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, FAS levels were measured (please specify where it was measured from) using the ELISA method, liver FAS gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined by the colorimetric method. RESULTS: The beet-substituted diet significantly suppressed the hepatic FAS gene expression and decreased the serum FAS levels in rats previously given HFFD (p < 0.05). The expression of the FAS gene showed a significant positive correlation with the levels of FAS serum (p < 0.05), and also with the hepatic TG levels but not significant (p > 0.05). Substitution of beet 9% in diet gives the best effect in hepatic FAS gene expression and the serum FAS levels. CONCLUSIONS: The diet contained beet 9% was seen as a necessary physiological dose to improve the effects of high-fat and diet fructose diet through suppressing FAS gene expression and a decreased serum FAS levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats

Nadiyah

Hastuti

Sunarti

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (CEBP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) are involved in the early differentiation of adipocytes [21]; however, both genes were downregulated in the PWMC-supplemented groups. FAS and FABP4 are mainly involved in the late differentiation of fat cells and the accumulation of fatty oil droplets [22,23]. The former is an upstream gene for fat synthesis and the latter is one of the major proteins that transport fatty acids [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAS and FABP4 are mainly involved in the late differentiation of fat cells and the accumulation of fatty oil droplets [22,23]. The former is an upstream gene for fat synthesis and the latter is one of the major proteins that transport fatty acids [22,23]. Therefore, PWMC could suppress adipocyte differentiation by blocking CEBP and PPAR but would not affect adipose synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve or exceed the nutritional requirements of the broilers, according to NRC 1994, all diets were recalculated and the proximate composition was analyzed according to the AOAC (2012) [14] to determine the gross energy and crude protein levels ( Table 1). The starter diet was provided for the first 21 days, and the finisher diet provided for days [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate (FCR) were measured on 21-and 35-day-old broilers.…”

Section: Animal Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers

Chuang

Liu

Tsai

et al. 2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: Mushroom waste compost is the main byproduct when cultivating mushrooms. Due to its high mycelium content, mushroom waste compost may improve animal health by increasing antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that supplementing animal diets with fiber could improve body composition and health. The results showed that supplementation with mushroom waste compost accelerates adipolysis and enhances the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Among all treatment groups, broilers given dietary supplementation with 0.5% mushroom waste compost showed improved feed conversion rate and the highest adipose metabolism.Abstract: Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost (PWMC) is the main byproduct when cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Due to the high mycelium levels in PWMC, it may have potential as a feed supplement for broilers. This study investigated the effects of PWMC supplementation on antioxidant capacity and adipose metabolism in broilers. In the study, 240 broilers were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: basal diet (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% PWMC supplementation. Each treatment group had 60 broilers, divided into three replicates. The results showed that supplementation with 0.5% PWMC decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) from 1.36 to 1.28, compared to the control. Supplementation with 0.5% or 2% PWMC decreased glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the control (p < 0.0001), the concentrations of adiponectin and oxytocin increased from 5948 to 5709, 11820, and 7938 ng/ mL; and 259 to 447, 873, and 963 pg/ mL, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 was slightly increased in the 0.5% and 1% PWMC groups. Both interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were significantly decreased, by about three to five times for IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 to 1.6 times for IL-1ß (p = 0.0002). All antioxidant-related mRNA, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD-1), increased significantly following PWMC supplementation. Both claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 increased, especially in the 2% PWMC group. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) significantly increased by about 5, 12, and 11 times in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PWMC groups. All adipolysis-related mRNA were induced in the PWMC treatment groups, further enhancing adipolysis. Overall, 0.5% PWMC supplementation was recommended due to its improving FCR, similar antioxidant capacity, and upregulated adipolysis.

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“…Moreover, FASN-mediated lipid biosynthesis has been associated with glioma tumor growth and invasion (Yasumoto et al, 2016). In addition to cancer, FASN overexpression has emerged as a hallmark of various pathological conditions and has been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes (De Silva et al, 2019;Menendez et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of FASN inhibitors by a versatile toolkit reveals differences in pharmacology between human and rodent FASN preparations and in antiproliferative efficacy in vitro vs. in situ in human cancer cells

Singha

Mäklin

Vihavainen

et al. 2020

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Circulating serum fatty acid synthase is elevated in patients with diabetes and carotid artery stenosis and is LDL-associated

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats

Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats

Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers

Evaluation of FASN inhibitors by a versatile toolkit reveals differences in pharmacology between human and rodent FASN preparations and in antiproliferative efficacy in vitro vs. in situ in human cancer cells

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