Circulating soluble CD36 is associated with glucose metabolism and interleukin-6 in glucose-intolerant men

Abstract

R ecently, soluble CD36 (sCD36) levels were reported to be elevated in type 2 diabetes, and to be tightly correlated with insulin resistance. Our aim was to obtain further insight into the relationship between insulin sensitivity, low-grade inflammation and sCD36.We studied glucose-tolerant (n=90) and glucose-intolerant (n=57) moderately obese men. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the frequent sample intravenous glucose tolerance test, and sCD36 by an in-house ELISA assay.In glucose-intolerant subjects, sCD36 was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity and positively with interleukin-6 (IL-6), fasting glucose, fasting triglycerides, fat-free mass and platelet count. On multiple linear regression analyses, insulin sensitivity contributed 22% of sCD36 variance, independent of age, body mass index (BMI) and IL-6, in glucose-intolerant subjects. The level of sCD36 in subjects with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1C ) above the mean was higher than in those with HbA 1C values below the mean.Insulin sensitivity is a predictor of sCD36 in men with impaired glucose tolerance. IL-6 is related to sCD36 but does not predict sCD36 independent of insulin sensitivity and BMI.

Plasma sCD36 is associated with markers of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and fatty liver in a nondiabetic healthy population

“…Another methodological explanation could be a matrix effect as low concentrations were mostly run undiluted in contrast to the remaining samples. Whatever the cause of the distribution of sCD36, the log-normal sCD36 population exhibited higher sCD36 in participants with disturbed glucose tolerance, with the MetSy and with an increased likelihood of fatty liver disease, in accordance with previous findings [10][11][12][13]29].…”

“…Indeed, we have reported consistent associations between sCD36, obesity and insulin resistance in insulininsensitive conditions [10][11][12][13]. Elevated sCD36 was present in both overt T2D and prediabetic conditions such as obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, indicating that sCD36 possesses the potential to reflect early changes in CD36 expression involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes or the development of components of the MetSy.…”

“…Low CD36 expression [26] was associated with increased fatty acid flux to the liver, which may result in dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. High sCD36 was associated with insulin resistance [10,12,13], and in diabetic mouse and human monocytes, CD36 expression was upregulated as a consequence of impaired insulin signalling [9]. In addition, impaired insulin signalling was associated with elevated CD36 expression in circulating leucocytes in a mouse model of increased atherosclerosis risk [27].…”

Reduced sCD36 following weight loss corresponds to improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and liver fat in obese children

“…However, the fact that the children who showed ultrasonographic resolution of fatty liver had a significantly larger decrease in circulating sCD36 than those who did not contribute to the notion of sCD36 as a marker of Because of the apparent pathophysiological importance of low-grade inflammation related to obesity, the children's inflammatory state was investigated. In contrast to previous studies in overweight glucose-intolerant men, 21 and fructose fed rats, 18 we found no associations between sCD36 and any of the indicators of low-grade inflammation. This inconsistency may reflect an age-related difference in mechanisms of fat tissue expansion.…”

“…17,18 Associations of sCD36 with insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), hepatic fat accumulation, obesity-driven low-grade inflammation and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic improvements have previously been reported. 17,[19][20][21][22][23] Furthermore, sCD36 is suggested to be a marker of lipid accumulation in arterial walls. 24 Weight reduction, particularly if due to physical activity and caloric restriction, improves insulin sensitivity, and thus reduces metabolic complications of obesity in adults and children.…”