Circulating tumour cells in regionally metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study

Morosin, Tia; Ashford, Bruce; Ranson, Marie; Gupta, Ruta; Clark, Jonathan; Iyer, N. Gopalakrishna; Spring, Kevin

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9946

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…12,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Significant evidence is emerging to suggest a high correlation between early circulating cancer cells and poor survival outcomes for solid cancers, including melanoma, 32,33 MCC 12,34,35 and SCC. 13 The recognition that solid cancers seed micrometastases from their inception supports the view that cancer is a systemic disease and overturns the purely mechanistic concept of sequential carcinogenesis. 2,10 On its own, this concept implies that lymph node involvement is not a necessary, pre-requisite step for distal metastasis, but rather a marker only of distant disease and that treatment of local or regional disease should not affect patient survival.…”

Section: New Insights Into the Biology Of Early Metastasismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…6,7,9 Rates of detectable circulating tumour cells (CTC) in blood are likely to be matched, if not exceeded by cancer cells accessing lymphatic corridors. 13 Examples of extensive intra-lymphatic metastasis, termed lymphangitic carcinomatosis have been demonstrated in 6%-56% of multiple solid cancers, including melanoma and are associated with a worsened prognosis. 7,9 Because of its diffuse nature, lymphangitic spread is identifiable through histological assessment or through sophisticated intravital imaging techniques only available in research settings.…”

Section: What This Research Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of micrometastasis in high‐risk skin cancers

Sinclair,

Wong,

Shumack

et al. 2023

Aust J Dermatology

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The propensity to metastasize is the most important prognostic indicator for solid cancers. New insights into the mechanisms of early carcinogenesis have revealed micrometastases are generated far earlier than previously thought. Evidence supports a synergistic relationship between vascular and lymphatic seeding which can occur before there is clinical evidence of a primary tumour. Early vascular seeding prepares distal sites for colonisation while regional lymphatics are co‐opted to promote facilitative cancer cell mutations. In response, the host mounts a global inflammatory and immunomodulatory response towards these cells supporting the concept that cancer is a systemic disease. Cancer staging systems should be refined to better reflect cancer cell loads in various tissue compartments while clinical perspectives should be broadened to encompass this view when approaching high‐risk cancers. Measured adjunctive therapies implemented earlier for low‐volume, in‐transit cancer offers the prospect of preventing advanced disease and the need for heroic therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to re‐appraise how we view the metastatic process for solid cancers. It will explore in‐transit metastasis in the context of high‐risk skin cancer and how it dictates disease progression. It will also discuss how these implications will influence our current staging systems and its consequences on management.

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Section: New Insights Into the Biology Of Early Metastasismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: What This Research Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of micrometastasis in high‐risk skin cancers

Sinclair,

Wong,

Shumack

et al. 2023

Aust J Dermatology

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“…Dissociated from the primary tumors or metastases, CTCs are rare cells present in the blood and lymphatic circulation that allow for both mRNA and DNA genomic profiling [ 181 ]. The identification of a high number of CTCs in patients with solid tumors, including CM and SCC, predicts poor survival, most likely due to CTCs’ ability to act as “seeds” of clinical metastases [ 182 , 183 ].…”

Section: Ddpcr-based Liquid Biopsies For Skin Cancer Monitoring and P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cancer Research Goes Digital: Looking for Biomarkers within the Droplets

Dobre

Constantin

Neagu

2022

JPM

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Skin cancer, which includes the most frequent malignant non-melanoma carcinomas (basal cell carcinoma, BCC, and squamous cell carcinoma, SCC), along with the difficult to treat cutaneous melanoma (CM), pose important worldwide issues for the health care system. Despite the improved anti-cancer armamentarium and the latest scientific achievements, many skin cancer patients fail to respond to therapies, due to the remarkable heterogeneity of cutaneous tumors, calling for even more sophisticated biomarker discovery and patient monitoring approaches. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a robust method for detecting and quantifying low-abundance nucleic acids, has recently emerged as a powerful technology for skin cancer analysis in tissue and liquid biopsies (LBs). The ddPCR method, being capable of analyzing various biological samples, has proved to be efficient in studying variations in gene sequences, including copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations, DNA methylation, circulatory miRNome, and transcriptome dynamics. Moreover, ddPCR can be designed as a dynamic platform for individualized cancer detection and monitoring therapy efficacy. Here, we present the latest scientific studies applying ddPCR in dermato-oncology, highlighting the potential of this technology for skin cancer biomarker discovery and validation in the context of personalized medicine. The benefits and challenges associated with ddPCR implementation in the clinical setting, mainly when analyzing LBs, are also discussed.

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“…To date, there have only been a few published studies investigating the impact of radiation therapy on CTCs [24,51,61,63,69,74,75]. In HNSCC, Buglione et al [61] investigated the role of CTC in patients receiving radiotherapy alone; however, the results were grouped with patients who had also received chemotherapy and the sensitivity was low (30%) [61].…”

Section: Radiotherapy Response On Circulating Tumour Cells Ctdna mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HNSCC, Buglione et al [61] investigated the role of CTC in patients receiving radiotherapy alone; however, the results were grouped with patients who had also received chemotherapy and the sensitivity was low (30%) [61]. Radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy has shown reduction in HNSCC and prostate CTC [51,61,65,70,75,76,77,78]. Research indicates radiotherapy makes the tumour cells more aggressive and potentiates the circulation of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells [24].…”

Section: Radiotherapy Response On Circulating Tumour Cells Ctdna mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC), Head and Neck Cancer and Radiotherapy; Future Perspectives

Perumal

Corica

Dharmarajan

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Australia and globally. Despite the current improved treatment modalities, there is still up to 50–60% local regional recurrence and or distant metastasis. High-resolution medical imaging technologies such as PET/CT and MRI do not currently detect the early spread of tumour cells, thus limiting the potential for effective minimal residual detection and early diagnosis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of cells that escape from the primary tumour and enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or even re-establish themselves in the primary site of the cancer. These cells are more aggressive and accumulate gene alterations by somatic mutations that are the same or even greater than the primary tumour because of additional features acquired in the circulation. The potential application of CTC in clinical use is to acquire a liquid biopsy, by taking a reliable minimally invasive venous blood sample, for cell genotyping during radiotherapy treatment to monitor the decline in CTC detectability, and mutational changes in response to radiation resistance and radiation sensitivity. Currently, very little has been published on radiation therapy, CTC, and circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). The prognostic value of CTC in cancer management and personalised medicine for head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients requires a deeper understanding at the cellular level, along with other advanced technologies. With this goal, this review summarises the current research of head and neck cancer CTC, CCSC and the molecular targets for personalised radiotherapy response.

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Circulating tumour cells in regionally metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

The role of micrometastasis in high‐risk skin cancers

The role of micrometastasis in high‐risk skin cancers

Skin Cancer Research Goes Digital: Looking for Biomarkers within the Droplets

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC), Head and Neck Cancer and Radiotherapy; Future Perspectives

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