Circulating Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Vitiligo: Evidence From Meta-Analysis and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization

Song, Jié; Liu, Ke; Chen, Weiwei; Liu, Bin; Yang, Hong; Lv, Linshuoshuo; Sun, Xiaohui; Mao, Yingying; Ye, Ding

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.782270

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We found no significant causal effect of blood 25(OH)D 3 or C3-epi-25(OH)D 3 on the risk of atopic dermatitis but suggest that developing atopic dermatitis raised blood 25(OH)D 3 levels. Previous MR identified no causal effects of circulating 25(OH)D or 25(OH)D 3 on the risk of vitiligo [26]. We achieved similar results, suggesting no causal effects of 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D 3 , or C3-epi-25(OH)D 3 on vitiligo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified tens of thousands of genetic variants robustly associated with human complex diseases and traits [24], which as a result provide a wealth of potential IVs and facilitate MR analysis. MR analyses have investigated the causal effects of circulating 25(OH)D levels on the risk of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo, suggesting that blood 25(OH)D levels confer a significant causal effect on psoriasis but not on atopic dermatitis or vitiligo [25][26][27]. Alternatively, MR suggests that genetically predicted risk of atopic dermatitis increases blood 25(OH)D level [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causal Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Vitiligo: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Ren

Liu

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Background: Vitamin D level has been reported to be associated with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo. However, its causal relationship with the risk of these three diseases remains unclear. Methods: We obtained genome-wide association statistics for three measures of circulating vitamin D levels (25(OH)D in 120,618 individuals, and 25(OH)D3 and epimeric form C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in 40,562 individuals) and for the diseases psoriasis (3871 cases and 333,288 controls), atopic dermatitis (21,399 cases and 95,464 controls), and vitiligo (4680 cases and 39,586 controls). We performed Mendelian randomization using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods. We carried out sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results: We showed that elevated vitamin D levels protected individuals from developing psoriasis (OR = 0.995, p = 8.84 × 10−4 for 25(OH)D; OR = 0.997, p = 1.81 × 10−3 for 25(OH)D3; and OR = 0.998, p = 0.044 for C3-epi-25(OH)D3). Genetically predicted risk of atopic dermatitis increased the levels of 25(OH)D (OR = 1.040, p = 7.14 × 10−4) and 25(OH)D3 (OR = 1.208, p = 0.048). A sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of these causal associations. Conclusions: This study reported causal relationships between circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo. These findings provide potential disease intervention and monitoring targets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Vitiligo: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Ren

Liu

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…The study investigated vitiligo cases (131) and controls (207,482), which included over 16 million genetic variants. Detailed information on the study has been described in the previous study ( 20 ). The study was conducted with the signed informed consent of every participant, and each regional institutional review board oversaw it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of circulating cytokines on the risk of vitiligo

Liu,

Xin

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence reveals an association between circulating cytokine levels and vitiligo. However, the causal association between circulating cytokine levels and vitiligo remains unrevealed.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a genome-wide association study of the 41 cytokines dataset, which was conducted with 3 Finnish cohorts (n = 8,293). Vitiligo data were acquired from strictly defined vitiligo data collected by FinnGenbiobank analysis, which included 207,613 European ancestors (131 vitiligo patients, 207,482 controls). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WME), simple model, weighted model, and MR-Egger were used to determine the changes in vitiligo pathogenic cytokine taxa, followed by sensitivity analysis, including horizontal pleiotropy analysis. The MR Steiger test evaluated the strength of a causal association, and the leave-one-out method was used to assess the reliability of the results. The possibility of reverse causality was also investigated using a reverse MR study.ResultsWe observed that rising IL-4 levels generated an enhanced probability of vitiligo in IVW (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.19–6.22, p = 0.018). According to the results of the MR analysis, there were causal links between IL-4 and vitiligo. Results were steady after sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.ConclusionOur research reveals that a genetically determined increased level of circulating IL-4 may be linked to a higher risk of developing vitiligo. The development of innovative treatment approaches (such as tofacitinib or dupilumab) that focus on blocking IL-4 as a novel way of preventing and treating vitiligo is significantly impacted by our findings.

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“…This disorder impresses the epidermal melanocytes and neural crest-derived melanocytes and spreads to different parts of the body such as the hair follicles and eyes. 2 Various mechanisms of melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo have been proposed. According to one theory, nerve endings in the skin release a toxic substance that can degenerate melanocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disorder impresses the epidermal melanocytes and neural crest-derived melanocytes and spreads to different parts of the body such as the hair follicles and eyes. 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum vitamin D concentration and blood eosinophil and basophil counts in patients with vitiligo: cross-sectional study from Rafsanjan and Zarand, Iran

Ghavamabadi

Pishgooie

Behfar

et al. 2023

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Objective: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmenting skin disorder. In this disease, the destruction of functional melanocytes can lead to reduced or absent pigmentation of the skin. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in some autoimmune diseases. The association of eosinophils and basophils with autoimmune diseases has also been recently examined. The present study was performed to evaluate the serum vitamin D concentration and blood eosinophil and basophil counts in patients with vitiligo. Methods: Data from 30 patients aged 20 to 40 years with vitiligo and 30 healthy people were collected. Blood samples were obtained to evaluate the serum vitamin D concentration, and eosinophil and basophil counts. The serum vitamin D concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent t-test was used to compare the quantitative variables between the groups. Results: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 30 patients with vitiligo. The average serum vitamin D concentration was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.01). Furthermore, the mean serum vitamin D concentration was significantly lower in women than in men (P = 0.03). The average eosinophil and basophil counts were not significantly different between the case and control groups. Discussion: The results of this study showed that the serum vitamin D concentration is low in patients with vitiligo. However, whether this reduction is a factor in the promotion of vitiligo or occurs after the onset of vitiligo remains unknown. Further studies on the serum vitamin D concentration in patients with vitiligo are needed to clarity this issue and develop effective treatments.

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Circulating Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Vitiligo: Evidence From Meta-Analysis and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Causal Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Vitiligo: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Causal Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Vitiligo: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of circulating cytokines on the risk of vitiligo

Evaluation of serum vitamin D concentration and blood eosinophil and basophil counts in patients with vitiligo: cross-sectional study from Rafsanjan and Zarand, Iran

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