Circulation kinetics and biodistribution of dual-labeled polymersomes with modulated surface charge in tumor-bearing mice: Comparison with stealth liposomes

Polymersome-Mediated Delivery of Combination Anticancer Therapy to Head and Neck Cancer Cells: 2D and 3D in Vitro Evaluation

“…Polymersomes have been shown to exhibit longer half-lives and better tumour accumulation compared to PEGylated liposomes 15 . Advances in polymer synthesis techniques have enabled polymers to be designed with optimum properties for drug delivery including high molecular weights, enhanced stability, side chain functionality and more importantly, responsiveness [12][13][14]16 .…”

Biodegradable polymersomes for drug delivery : circulation kinetics and biodistribution, modulated drug delivery and cellular uptake

“…A summary of degradable or nondegradable block copolymers, which have been explored for the formation of Ps, is given in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. As a hydrophobic part of the block copolymers, non-biodegradable poly(ethyl ethylene) (PEE) [18], poly(butadiene) (PBD) [11,18,31,63,71], poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) [72,73], and poly(styrene) (PS) [60,62,74] as well as biodegradable poly(lactide) (PLA) [41,48,[75][76][77], poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [41,48] and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) [48] have been applied. Degradable polymers undergo hydrolytic cleavage of their ester or carbonate linkages in the main chains with a rate of hydrolysis depending on the character of the block, the molecular weight of the block, the pH and sometimes the presence of enzymes [78][79][80][81].…”

“…Degradable polymers undergo hydrolytic cleavage of their ester or carbonate linkages in the main chains with a rate of hydrolysis depending on the character of the block, the molecular weight of the block, the pH and sometimes the presence of enzymes [78][79][80][81]. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) [60,62,82], poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) [31,63,71,83] and PEG [11,12,18,41,48,74,76,77,[84][85][86][87][88] have been frequently selected as water-soluble blocks. PEG has been used most frequently as a hydrophilic block because of the resistance it provides in surface layers to blood protein adsorption [89][90][91][92][93].…”

“…This technique has been mainly used to determine vesicle size and size distribution (polydispersity index) [123][124][125][126][127], but also for determining the critical aggregation concentration [72,128], vesicle disruption and change in the size with variation of pH or temperature [129,130]. The zeta potential of Ps can be determined through dynamic light scattering by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of Ps in a capillary cell [77,131]. In order to directly visualize Ps, light or electron microscopy is most frequently applied.…”

“…In general, Ps are more stable in the circulation than liposomes [14,15,77]. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphiphilic compounds can be loaded in Ps using either the aqueous core or the bi-layer membrane, which makes them very attractive vesicles for various applications in drug delivery, biomedical imaging and diagnostics [3].…”