Circulation of Endemic Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993

Yang, Chunfu; Naguib, Tary; Yang, Sen; Nasr, Eman; Jorba, Jaume; Ahmed, Nahed; Campagnoli, Raymond P.; Avoort, Harrie van der; Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Yoneyama, Tetsuo; Miyamura, Tatsuo; Pallansch, Mark A.; Kew, Olen M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.77.15.8366-8377.2003

Cited by 212 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of wild-type PVs have been reported to recombine with each other (Dahourou et al, 2002;Furione et al, 1993). Wild-type and OPV strains have been reported to recombine (Dahourou et al, 2002;Georgescu et al, 1995;Guillot et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2000Liu et al, , 2003Yang et al, 2003) and PVs have been shown to recombine with serotypes of HEV-C (Brown et al, 2003;Jiang et al, 2007;Rousset et al, 2003). Furthermore, vaccine-derived PV strains, defined as having more than 1 % nucleotide differences in the VP1 protein coding region (reviewed recently by Agol, 2006;Kew et al, 2004), have been reported to have an interserotypic recombinant genome (Blomqvist et al, , 2004Martin et al, 2002) as well as a recombinant genome with a non-structural region from an unknown HEV-C strain (Arita et al, 2005;Kew et al, 2002Kew et al, , 2004Rakoto-Andrianarivelo et al, 2008;Rousset et al, 2003;Shimizu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Savolainen-Kopra

Самойлович

Kahelin

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The roles of recombination and accumulation of point mutations in the origin of new poliovirus (PV) characteristics have been hypothesized, but it is not known which are essential to evolution. We studied phenotypic differences between recombinant PV strains isolated from successive stool specimens of an oral PV vaccine recipient. The studied strains included three PV2/PV1 recombinants with increasing numbers of mutations in the VP1 gene, two of the three with an amino acid change IAT in the DE-loop of VP1, their putative PV1 parent and strains Sabin 1 and 2. Growth of these viruses was examined in three cell lines: colorectal adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma and HeLa. The main observation was a higher growth rate between 4 and 6 h post-infection of the two recombinants with the IAT substitution. All recombinants grew at a higher rate than parental strains in the exponential phase of the replication cycle. In a temperature sensitivity test, the IATsubstituted recombinants replicated equally well at an elevated temperature. Complete genome sequencing of the three recombinants revealed 12 (3), 19 (3) and 27 (3) nucleotide (amino acid) differences from Sabin. Mutations were located in regions defining attenuation, temperature sensitivity, antigenicity and the cis-acting replicating element. The recombination site was in the 59 end of 3D. In a competition assay, the most mutated recombinant beat parental Sabin in all three cell lines, strongly suggesting that this virus has an advantage. Two independent intertypic recombinants, PV3/PV1 and PV3/PV2, also showed similar growth advantages, but they also contained several point mutations. Thus, our data defend the hypothesis that accumulation of certain advantageous mutations plays a key role in gaining increased fitness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Savolainen-Kopra

Самойлович

Kahelin

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, numerous examples have shown that mutations in the 59UTR markedly decrease multiplication efficiency (Willian et al, 2000), alter cell tropism (Shiroki et al, 1997) and attenuate virulence (Tu et al, 1995;DeJesus et al, 2005). Moreover, recombination can occur in the 59UTR (Adu et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2003).The enterovirus coding region, divided into three subregions (P1-P3), encompasses a single ORF encoding a single polyprotein. The P1 region encodes four structural proteins (VP4, VP2, VP3 and VP1), whilst the nonstructural proteins are encoded in the P2 (2A, 2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C and 3D polymerase) regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 using the 5′ untranslated region and VP1 region

Zhou

Kong

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are members of the species Human enterovirus A, and are both major and independent aetiological agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. The human enterovirus (HEV) 59 untranslated region (UTR) is fundamentally important for efficient virus replication and for virulence, whilst the VP1 region correlates well with antigenic typing by neutralization, and can be used for virus identification and evolutionary studies. A comparison was undertaken of the 59UTR and VP1 nucleotide sequences of five EV71 clinical isolates and 10 CVA16 clinical isolates from one laboratory with the 59UTR and VP1 sequences of 104 EV71 strains and 45 CVA16 strains available in GenBank. The genetic relationships were analysed using standard phylogenetic methods. The EV71 phylogenetic analysis showed that the VP1 sequences were clustered into three genogroups, A, B and C, with genogroups B and C further divided into five subgenogroups, B1-B5 and C1-C5, respectively. All EV71 strains were clustered similarly in the 59UTR and VP1 trees, except for one Taiwanese strain, which demonstrated different clustering in the two trees, suggesting a recombination event in the phylogeny. The CVA16 phylogenetic analysis showed that the VP1 sequences were clustered into two genogroups, A and B, with genogroup B further divided into B1 (B1a and B1b), B2 and a possible B3; and that a similar pattern and grouping of all strains were displayed in the 59UTR tree. This study demonstrated that comparing the two regions provides evidence of epidemiological linkage of HEV-A strains, and that mutation in the two regions plays a vital role in the evolution of these viruses. The combination of molecular typing and phylogenetic sequence analysis will be beneficial in both individual patient diagnosis and public health measures. INTRODUCTIONEnterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), members of the species Human enterovirus A in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae, are both major and independent aetiological agents of large outbreaks of handfoot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). In contrast to CVA16, EV71-associated HFMD is more frequently associated with serious neurological complications and fatalities (McMinn et al., 2001b). Initial EV71 isolates were identified in the USA and Australia in the early 1970s, and in HFMD outbreaks in Sweden and Japan (Wong et al., 2010). Since 1997, the Asia-Pacific region has had several large EV71 epidemics, including in the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan. Several outbreaks have also been recorded in Australia (Gilbert et al., 1988;Sanders et al., 2006;McMinn et al., 2001b). Co-circulation of EV71 and CVA16 has contributed to serious HFMD outbreaks in China in (Zhang et al., 2009), Taiwan in 1998(Lin et al., 2003), and Malaysia in 1997(Podin et al., 2006.The enterovirus genome is a positive ssRNA molecule of approximately 7500 nt, comprising a single ORF flanked 59Abbreviations: CVA16, coxsackievirus A16; EV71, enterovirus 71; HEV, human enterovirus; ...

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“…Therefore, OPV recipients usually excrete altered vaccine viruses after vaccination (3). Acquired alterations in the base sequence of the altered vaccine viruses may change their degree of attenuation (5) as well as, their temperature sensitivity(ts) (2). All the three Sabin strains are temperature-sensitive, producing lower virus yields at supra-optimal temperatures than the wild poliovirus (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is usually the case for wild poliovirus infection. However some live-attenuated vaccine polioviruses that have re-acquired wild-like properties following replication in human gut also show neurovirulence like the wild strains (2) and are excreted by oral polio vaccine (OPV) recipients (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plaque And Growth Characteristics Of Different Polioviruses Isolated From Acute Flaccid Paralysis In Northern Nigeria

Sule

Oyedele²,

Osei-Kwasi³

et al. 2009

E Af Med Jrnl

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Objective: To determine some virulent trait-related properties of poliovirus isolates from children with acute flaccid paralysis following vaccination with oral polio vaccine (OPV). Design: Six polioviruses earlier characterised into wild, vaccine-derived and OPV-like were studied using the plaque morphology and growth kinetics at supra-optimal temperature. Setting: Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Subjects: Polio isolates from six children who developed acute flaccid paralysis following vaccinations with various doses of OPV were used. All the children were located in the Northern part of the country where poliovirus is still circulating. Main outcome measures: The two vaccine-derived polioviruses acquired wild type characteristics. Results: All the six poliovirus isolates developed different forms of plaques ranging from tiny, small and large. The plaque formed could however not be used to identify the different isolates. Growth of the different isolates at supra-optimal temperature showed that the three wild polioviruses grew to a higher titre when compared with the Sabin 2 control. The two vaccine derived isolates behaved like the wild poliovirus while the OPV-like virus acquired an intermediate characteristics between wild and sabin. Conclusion: The wild polioviruses represented in this study are among the last vestiges of the circulating polioviruses found in the world. It is possible that the observed biological properties of wild types 1 and 3 described in the study are typical of the West African polioviruses. These properties will provide useful previews to the final identification of some important clinical isolates especially type 1 which may grow rapidly in cell culture.

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Circulation of Endemic Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993

Cited by 212 publications

References 62 publications

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Molecular characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 using the 5′ untranslated region and VP1 region

Plaque And Growth Characteristics Of Different Polioviruses Isolated From Acute Flaccid Paralysis In Northern Nigeria

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