Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits

Schloemann, E.

doi:10.1109/5.4394

Cited by 80 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Their performance is very sensitive to the operational conditions because the permeability of ferrite rapidly varies with frequency, dc magnetic bias, magnetization and losses. Therefore the design of such circulators is subject to the major trade-offs between the operating frequency and physical size, bandwidth and isolation, losses and handled power [2]. While these competing requirements can be somewhat accommodated in a single junction circulators, even minor differences between individual units employed in the cascaded multistage device may render it dysfunctional.…”

Section: The Concept Of Stacked Circulator Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stacked multistage lumped element circulator

Schuchinsky

2012

2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest

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The novel concept and architecture of the vertically stacked multistage circulator with a single source of dc magnetic bias has been proposed. The distinctive features of the new arrangement are discussed and the main aspects of the circulator design, including the dc magnetic bias and concurrent thermal stabilization of multiple junctions, are presented. The experimental prototype of the VHF stacked double isolator exhibits low loss, high isolation, excellent thermal stability and the high power handling capability. The proposed class of multistage circulators can significantly increase dynamic range of the transceivers for the RF front-end of the emerging white space UHF/VHF applications.

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Section: The Concept Of Stacked Circulator Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stacked multistage lumped element circulator

Schuchinsky

2012

2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest

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“…Conventional circulators that are based on rectangular metallic waveguides (RMW) or microstrip lines have a mismatch problem between the ferrite and the waveguide structure [9,10]. As conventional DIG circulators have complex nonplanar structures and suffer from a narrow bandwidth.…”

Section: Wideband Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of millimeter wave antennas and associated feed network components using dielectric image guide

Lin¹,

Wilson²,

Fathy³

et al. 2009

Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng

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The dielectric image guide (DIG) lines have an extremely low loss at the millimeter and sub-millimeter frequencies. Here, we will demonstrate using a dielectric line with a width that is smaller than its height. Both ferrite and Si materials have been used to fabricate circuits to achieve tunable functions. Different millimeter wave components and radiating structures with this new aspect ratio have been developed, fabricated, and tested. Special emphasis has been placed on demonstrating the components and antennas' operation in the 26-35 GHz range, but the design concepts developed here can be easily extended to sub-millimeter wave frequencies.

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“…The change of tensor magnetic permeability with magnetic field provides a tool for tuning the dielectric resonance that is well above the FMR. Such an effect is well known [4][5][6] in garnets and spinels in the C-, X-and Ku-bands. Here we provide results of the first study on H-tuning of dielectric resonance in BaM for possible use as a wide band isolator in the W-band.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Owing to nonreciprocity of a magnetised ferrite medium with respect to two rotation directions the degeneracy is removed for H = 0 [4][5][6]. Next, as the centre of the resonator is placed at a distance of one-quarter of the width from the sidewall, the polarisation of waveguide mode H 10 is predominantly circular (left or right, depending on the direction of propagation).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable magneto-dielectric resonator for W-band isolators

2009

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A magnetic field tunable barium hexaferrite (BaM) dielectric resonator that could potentially function as an isolator operating at 82 -90 GHz has been designed and characterised. A 30 GHz increase in operating frequency was achieved by using dielectric resonances instead of the usual ferromagnetic resonance. The dielectric resonance and the operating frequency of the isolator can be tuned by 0.84 MHz/Oe almost linearly with an applied magnetic field.Introduction: The W-band frequency range (75 -110 GHz) is particularly important for applications such as satellite communication and automobile collision avoidance radars. Therefore, there is a need for tunable resonant devices working at these frequencies. However, devices based on magnetic materials such as garnets, metals, alloys, spinels, and pure hexaferrites would require a very large bias magnetic field for operation in the W-band [1]. Indeed, for hexaferrites with saturation magnetisation M s , anisotropy fields H a , gyromagnetic ratio g, and magnitude field H applied along the easy axis, the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency in the most favourable case (easy axis lies in the sample plane) is given by [2]

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Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Stacked multistage lumped element circulator

Stacked multistage lumped element circulator

Development of millimeter wave antennas and associated feed network components using dielectric image guide

Tunable magneto-dielectric resonator for W-band isolators

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