Circulatory Support: Artificial Muscles for the Future of Cardiovascular Assist Devices

Pirozzi, Ileana; Kight, Ali; Han, Amy Kyungwon; Cutkosky, Mark R.; Dual, Seraina A.

doi:10.1002/adma.202210713

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…More details on the current state and future direction of artificial muscles and soft robotics cardiac assist devices for the treatment of HF can be found in other studies. [63,64]…”

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure

Phan,

Davies,

Hoang

et al. 2023

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump adequate blood to the body, which afflicts over 60 million people worldwide. Its treatment options include physiotherapy, medication, mechanical heart support, heart surgery, or heart transplantation. Ventricular assist devices have direct blood contact while passive ventricular constraint devices have only modest therapeutic efficacy. Current direct cardiac compression devices are either bulky, require noisy driving pneumatic sources, or are unable to mimic the natural heart motion. This study introduces a robotic cardiac compression device made of soft artificial muscle filaments that can simultaneously produce radial, axial, and torsional movements, potentially augmenting the pumping function of a failing heart. An empirical model is developed to describe the device motion and an artificial pericardium is employed to enable uniform force distribution to the heart and real‐time pressure sensing. The proposed device could deliver a stroke volume of 70 mL at 15 beats per minute, or a cardiac output of 1.05 L min−1, and achieve a peak instantaneous flow rate of 2.8 L min−1 and an output pressure of 50 mmHg. The new devices are highly customizable and experimentally validated with fresh porcine heart. They are expected to inspire future development of nonblood‐contacting cardiac assist devices.

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“…More details on the current state and future direction of artificial muscles and soft robotics cardiac assist devices for the treatment of HF can be found in other studies. [63,64]…”

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure

Phan,

Davies,

Hoang

et al. 2023

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The Future of Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support: Emerging Technological Innovations and Considerations to Enable Evolution of the Field

Dual,

Cowger,

Roche

et al. 2024

Journal of Cardiac Failure

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A Review of Soft Robotic Actuators and Their Applications in Bioengineering, with an Emphasis on HASEL Actuators’ Future Potential

Perera,

Liyanapathirana,

Gargiulo

et al. 2024

Actuators

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This review will examine the rapidly growing field of soft robotics, with a special emphasis on soft robotic actuators and their applications in bioengineering. Bioengineering has increasingly utilized soft robotics due to their mechanical adaptability and flexibility, with applications including drug delivery, assistive and wearable devices, artificial organs, and prosthetics. Soft robotic applications, as well as the responsive mechanisms employed in soft robotics, include electrical, magnetic, thermal, photo-responsive, and pressure-driven actuators. Special attention is given to hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators due to their biomimetic properties and innovative combination of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) and hydraulic actuators, which eliminates the limitations of each actuator while introducing capabilities such as self-healing. HASEL actuators combine the fast response and self-sensing features of DEAs, as well as the force generation and adaptability of hydraulic systems. Their self-healing ability from electrical damage not only makes HASELs a unique technology among others but also makes them promising for long-term bioengineering applications. A key contribution of this study is the comparative analysis of the soft actuators, presented in detailed tables. The performance of soft actuators is assessed against a common set of critical parameters, including specific power, strain, maximum actuation stress, energy efficiency, cycle life, and self-healing capabilities. This study has also identified some important research gaps and potential areas where soft robotics may still be developed in the future. Future research should focus on improvements in power supply design, long-term material durability, and enhanced energy efficiency. This review will serve as an intermediate reference for researchers and system designers, guiding the next generation of advancements in soft robotics within bioengineering.

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Circulatory Support: Artificial Muscles for the Future of Cardiovascular Assist Devices

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure

Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure

The Future of Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support: Emerging Technological Innovations and Considerations to Enable Evolution of the Field

A Review of Soft Robotic Actuators and Their Applications in Bioengineering, with an Emphasis on HASEL Actuators’ Future Potential

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