Circumstances and Consequences of Falls Experienced by a Community Population 70 Years and over during a Prospective Study

Campbell, Angela; Borrie, Michael; Spears, G. F. S.; Jackson, Susan L.; Brown, Jennifer Silva; Fitzgerald, Joyce L.

doi:10.1093/ageing/19.2.136

Cited by 667 publications

(432 citation statements)

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“…Falls are a major health problem with significant social and economic ramifications (AGS Guidelines, 2001;Camicioli, Howieson, Lehman, & Kaye, 1997;Campbell et al, 1990;Condron & Hill, 2002;Kannus et al, 1999;Tinetti, 1994;Tinetti, Doucette, Claus, & Marottoli, 1995;. Falls can lead to serious injuries like hip fractures and hospitalization (Kannus et al, 1999(Kannus et al, , 2006Tinetti et al, 1988).…”

Section: Fall Risk and Gait Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Hausdorff

2007

Human Movement Science

729

594

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Until recently, quantitative studies of walking have typically focused on properties of a typical or average stride, ignoring the stride-to-stride fluctuations and considering these fluctuations to be noise. Work over the past two decades has demonstrated, however, that the alleged noise actually conveys important information. The magnitude of the stride-to-stride fluctuations and their changes over time during a walk -gait dynamics -may be useful in understanding the physiology of gait, in quantifying age-related and pathologic alterations in the locomotor control system, and in augmenting objective measurement of mobility and functional status Indeed, alterations in gait dynamics may help to determine disease severity, medication utility, and fall risk, and to objectively document improvements in response to therapeutic interventions, above and beyond what can be gleaned from measures based on the average, typical stride. This review discusses support for the idea that gait dynamics has meaning and may be useful in providing insight into the neural control of locomtion and for enhancing functional assessment of aging, chronic disease, and their impact on mobility.

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Section: Fall Risk and Gait Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Hausdorff

2007

Human Movement Science

729

594

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“…Falls can result in severe consequences such as loss of functional independence, disabilities and even increased mortality 1) . Risk factors associated with falls among communitydwelling elderly persons 2,3) include muscle weakness, use of certain medications, cognitive impairment, depression, and a history of previous falls [4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Plantar Pressure Distributions between the Dominant and Non-dominant Sides of Older Women during Walking

Kim

Gubler

2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in plantar pressure distributions between the dominant and non dominant sides during walking by older women with a history of falling. [Subjects] Fourteen older women without foot problems participated in this study. [Methods] Plantar pressure distributions between the dominant and non-dominant sides were recorded using the F-scan system (Tekscan Inc, Boston, USA). Measured parameters included peak plantar pressure and surface area contact during the stance phase from heelstrike to toe-off.[Results] Although there were no differences in peak pressure, contact surface area was significantly greater in the first metatarsal (M1) and heel (H) regions of the dominant side compared to the non-dominant side.[Conclusion] Unequal weight distribution indicated by a greater contact surface area may be an indicator of fall risk during walking by older adults with a history of falls.

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“…In this age group, a large proportion of falls are caused by stepping on or tripping over obstacles [2]. Whilst it is accepted that a number of cognitive functions decline with advanced age, it is still unclear how such age-related changes impact on the control of complex motor skills such as walking and stepping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping over obstacles: Attention demands and aging

2009

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Older adults have been shown to trip on obstacles despite taking precautions to step carefully. It has been demonstrated in dual-task walking that age-related decline in cognitive and attentional mechanisms can compromise postural management. This is yet to be substantiated during obstacle negotiation when walking. Forty-six healthy volunteers (aged 20-79 years) stepped over obstacles in their path whilst walking and performing a verbal fluency task. Using 3D kinematic analysis we compared obstacle crossing during single (obstacle crossing only) and dual-task (obstacle crossing with verbal task) conditions. We grouped the participants into three age groups and examined age-related changes to cognitive interference on obstacle crossing. During dual-task trials, the 20-29 and 60-69 groups stepped closer to the obstacles prior to crossing, increased vertical toe-obstacle clearance, and had reduced gait variability. In these two groups there was a small dual-task decrease in verbal output. The 70-79 group applied similar dual-task stepping strategies during precrossing. However, during crossing they showed reduced vertical toe-to-obstacle clearance and increased variability of obstacle-to-heel distance. Additionally, this group did not show any significant change to verbal output across trials. These results suggest that with advanced age, increased cognitive demands are more likely to have a detrimental impact on motor performance, leading to compromised safety margins and increased variability in foot placement. We conclude that younger adults utilise a posture-preserving strategy during complex tasks but the likelihood of this strategy being used decreases with advanced age.

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Circumstances and Consequences of Falls Experienced by a Community Population 70 Years and over during a Prospective Study

Cited by 667 publications

References 0 publications

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Comparisons of Plantar Pressure Distributions between the Dominant and Non-dominant Sides of Older Women during Walking

Stepping over obstacles: Attention demands and aging

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