“…7,10,11,14,19,26 These reports were followed by many others from around the world. 66,73,75 More recently, thanks to the introduction of other technical adjuncts such as neuronavigation and microvascular Doppler ultrasonography, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has been extended to the treatment of lesions outside the sella turcica, introducing the concept of extended approaches to the skull base. 48,59 Giorgio Frank and Ernesto Pasquini, a neurosurgeon and otorhinolaryngologist, respectively, from Bologna, developed the ethmoid-pterygoid-sphenoid (known as EPS) endoscopic approach for the treatment of cavernous sinus lesions.…”