cis-Acting signals involved in termination of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis include the conserved AUAC and the U7 signal for polyadenylation

Barr, John N.; Whelan, Sean P. J.; Wertz, Gail W.

doi:10.1128/jvi.71.11.8718-8725.1997

Cited by 137 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Following polyadenylation, transcription is re-initiated at the next available TI sequence which follows a non-transcribed intergenic region that may be from one to approximately 50 nt in length (Banerjee and Barik, 1992). Corruption of the [U] 7 stretch in TPP sequences of animal rhabdoviruses leads to read-through, resulting in polycistronic mRNAs (Barr et al, 1997). In plant-adapted rhabdoviruses, the incorruptible component of the polyadenylation signal is UUMUUUU(U) (Jackson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Rhabdovirus Genome Organisation and Transcription Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdovirus accessory genes

et al. 2011

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The Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecologically diverse families of RNA viruses with members infecting a wide range of organisms including placental mammals, marsupials, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and plants. The availability of complete nucleotide sequences for an increasing number of rhabdoviruses has revealed that their ecological diversity is reflected in the diversity and complexity of their genomes. The five canonical rhabdovirus structural protein genes (N, P, M, G and L) that are shared by all rhabdoviruses are overprinted, overlapped and interspersed with a multitude of novel and diverse accessory genes. Although not essential for replication in cell culture, several of these genes have been shown to have roles associated with pathogenesis and apoptosis in animals, and cell-to-cell movement in plants. Others appear to be secreted or have the characteristics of membrane-anchored glycoproteins or viroporins. However, most encode proteins of unknown function that are unrelated to any other known proteins. Understanding the roles of these accessory genes and the strategies by which rhabdoviruses use them to engage, divert and re-direct cellular processes will not only present opportunities to develop new anti-viral therapies but may also reveal aspects of cellar function that have broader significance in biology, agriculture and medicine.

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Section: Rhabdovirus Genome Organisation and Transcription Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdovirus accessory genes

et al. 2011

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“…Nevertheless, similar mutagenesis study was employed to propose intergenic nontranscribed dinucleotide 3¢G/CA5¢ as an essential element for efficient transcription termination (Stillman and Whitt 1997). A conserved tetranucleotide sequence (3¢-AUAC-5¢) followed by a U7 tract present at the end of each gene was proposed to ensure proper termination and poly-adenylation of mRNA (Barr et al 1997). Except for G/L junction, the gene junctions are highly conserved between CHPV and VSVind serotype indicating that a general mechanism is employed by vesiculoviruses to regulate gene-expression.…”

Section: Promoter and Terminator Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may have resulted from the lack of a consensus trinucleotide sequence at the 5¢end of leader RNA that is otherwise present in the other mRNA species; or may reflect requirement for a minimum transcript length for capping. Addition of poly(A) tail to the viral mRNA is also attributed to the L protein, where, polymerase slippage during transcription termination at U7 tract is believed to add A residues at the 3¢end of mRNA (Barr et al 1997). A protein kinase activity was also found to be associated with the purified VSV-L that has been termed as L associated kinase, LAK.…”

Section: Large Protein Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Chandipura: A Vesiculovirus in Human Epidemics

et al. 2007

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Chandipura virus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family and vesiculovirus genera, has recently emerged as human pathogen that is associated with a number of outbreaks in different parts of India. Although, the virus closely resembles with the prototype vesiculovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, it could be readily distinguished by its ability to infect humans. Studies on Chandipura virus while shed light into distinct stages of viral infection; it may also allow us to identify potential drug targets for antiviral therapy. In this review, we have summarized our current understanding of Chandipura virus life cycle at the molecular detail with particular interest in viral RNA metabolisms, namely transcription, replication and packaging of viral RNA into nucleocapsid structure. Contemporary research on otherwise extensively studied family member Vesicular Stomatitis Virus has also been addressed to present a more comprehensive picture of vesiculovirus life cycle. Finally, we reveal examples of protein economy in Chandipura virus life-cycle whereby each viral protein has evolved complexity to perform multiple tasks.

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“…VSV L protein cannot engage the N-RNA template directly, but instead depends on the viral phoshoprotein (P) to facilitate the interaction [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Messenger RNA polyadenylation is also catalyzed by L through reiterative transcription by the RdRp of a U7 tract that resides at the end of each gene [34][35][36][37][38]. This program of viral transcription results in the cytoplasmic synthesis of 5 mRNAs that depend upon the host machinery for their translation, and must therefore avoid the shut-down mechanisms that effectively suppress host mRNA translation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global analysis of polysome-associated mRNA in vesicular stomatitis virus infected cells

Neidermyer¹,

Whelan²

2019

PLoS Pathog

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Infection of mammalian cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) results in the inhibition of cellular translation while viral translation proceeds efficiently. VSV RNA synthesis occurs entirely within the cytoplasm, where during transcription the viral polymerase produces 5 mRNAs that are structurally indistinct to cellular mRNAs with respect to their 5′ cap-structure and 3′-polyadenylate tail. Using the global approach of massively parallel sequencing of total cytoplasmic, monosome- and polysome-associated mRNA, we interrogate the impact of VSV infection of HeLa cells on translation. Analysis of sequence reads in the different fractions shows >60% of total cytoplasmic and polysome-associated reads map to the 5 viral genes by 6 hours post-infection, a time point at which robust host cell translational shut-off is observed. Consistent with an overwhelming abundance of viral mRNA in the polysome fraction, the reads mapping to cellular genes were reduced. The cellular mRNAs that remain most polysome-associated following infection had longer half-lives, were typically larger, and were more AU rich, features that are shared with the viral mRNAs. Several of those mRNAs encode proteins known to positively affect viral replication, and using chemical inhibition and siRNA depletion we confirm that the host chaperone heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3A (eIF3A)—encoded by 2 such mRNAs—support viral replication. Correspondingly, regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (Redd1) encoded by a host mRNA with reduced polysome association inhibits viral infection. These data underscore the importance of viral mRNA abundance in the shut-off of host translation in VSV infected cells and link the differential translatability of some cellular mRNAs with pro- or antiviral function.

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cis-Acting signals involved in termination of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis include the conserved AUAC and the U7 signal for polyadenylation

Cited by 137 publications

References 31 publications

Rhabdovirus accessory genes

Rhabdovirus accessory genes

Reviewing Chandipura: A Vesiculovirus in Human Epidemics

Global analysis of polysome-associated mRNA in vesicular stomatitis virus infected cells

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