2015
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504368112
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Cis and trans interactions between atlastin molecules during membrane fusion

Abstract: Atlastin (ATL), a membrane-anchored GTPase that mediates homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, is required for formation of the tubular network of the peripheral ER. How exactly ATL mediates membrane fusion is only poorly understood. Here we show that fusion is preceded by the transient tethering of ATL-containing vesicles caused by the dimerization of ATL molecules in opposing membranes. Tethering requires GTP hydrolysis, not just GTP binding, because the two ATL molecules are pulled toget… Show more

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Cited by 66 publications
(128 citation statements)
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References 36 publications
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“…A number of DLPs are involved in the fusion events within the cell (4,10,51). The molecular mechanism of membrane tethering and fusion by dynamin-related GTPases is best understood for atlastins (31,52). We suggest that hGBP1 F might mediate the tethering effect through dimerization of LG domains similar to atlastins.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…A number of DLPs are involved in the fusion events within the cell (4,10,51). The molecular mechanism of membrane tethering and fusion by dynamin-related GTPases is best understood for atlastins (31,52). We suggest that hGBP1 F might mediate the tethering effect through dimerization of LG domains similar to atlastins.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…ER fusion is tightly regulated [35]. Not all tubule meetings proceed to fusion, but drastic loss of fusion activity causes severe morphological and functional defects.…”
Section: Fusion Of Er Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although regulators of ATL and Sey1p/RHD3 are yet to be discovered, some insights have come from the intrinsic properties of these GTPases. Recent studies have revealed that tethered membranes continuously consume GTP but do not necessarily fuse, and GTPases form dimers and hydrolyze GTP in the same membranes [35]. These apparently futile efforts may be used to self-regulate fusion dynamics.…”
Section: Fusion Of Er Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Structural and biochemical studies have provided mechanistic insights into ATL-mediated membrane fusion, but the resulting models remain controversial due to ambiguities in the ordering of key steps through ATL’s reaction cycle (Byrnes et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2015; McNew et al, 2013; Saini et al, 2014). Much of the controversy relating to the mechanism stems from the use of non-hydrolyzable GTP and transition state analogs, which for the basis of kinetic arguments elicit artificially slow transitions, which imposes limitations for interrogating physiologically relevant enzymatic reactions (Byrnes et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2015; Moss et al, 2011; Orso et al, 2009).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%