CIT in small municipalities: Officer‐level outcomes

Strassle, Carla G.

doi:10.1002/bsl.2395

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…When looking to related criminal‐legal professionals, extensive research documents stigma reduction among police officers following crisis intervention team (CIT) training, a 40‐h dynamic training involving education, skills training and exposure to people with mental illnesses who are not in crisis (see Compton et al., 2006; Strassle, 2019), and emergent evidence that CIT can also reduce stigmatising among corrections officers working in prisons (Canada et al, 2020). Probation work is different because it is generally less crisis oriented and there is some evidence that stigma levels vary among criminal–legal professions by organisational factors like working in a participatory workplace (Dir et al., 2019) and individual‐level characteristics like proximity to people with mental illnesses and prior training (Watson et al., 2008).…”

Section: Stigma Mental Illness and Probationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental illness‐related stigma among probation officers

Givens

Jacobs

Canada

et al. 2022

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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Background: Probation officers tend to hold stigmatising attitudes towards individuals on their caseload with mental illnesses. This can result in poor outcomes for justice-involved people with mental illnesses. Though anti-stigma interventions in the general public and among other criminal-legal professionals hold promise, these interventions have not been tested among probation officers. Aims: To measure levels of stigma towards mental illnesses among probation officers before and after a brief online training related to mental illness. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five probation and parole officers in one Midwest state completed a three-module online training programme designed to increase knowledge and skills for working with clients with mental illnesses. Officers completed a pre-and post-training assessment of level of stigmatising attitudes towards individuals with mental illnesses. Results: Officer levels of stigma statistically significantly decreased from pre-test (8.22) to post-test (7.37; p < 0.001, t = 6.13). Nevertheless, pre-training stigma scores were the strongest predictor of stigma levels at post-test (p < 0.001, b = 0.90).Conclusions: While basic training can significantly decrease mental disorder stigmatising scores for probation officers, the practical effect of this brief online experience was very small. Nevertheless, the fact that such brief and generalised input can have impact at all is encouraging. Implementation

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Section: Stigma Mental Illness and Probationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental illness‐related stigma among probation officers

Givens

Jacobs

Canada

et al. 2022

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…The Obama administration's Justice Department endorsed CIT, requiring several major departments to implement CIT training in consent decrees or settlement agreements following police misconduct (Watson, Compton, and Draine 2017). Smaller municipalities (which face statistically higher risks of officer-involved shootings and use of force) are increasingly adapting CIT, as well (Strassle 2019).…”

Section: Crisis Intervention Teams (Cits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Violent Incidents between Police Officers and People with Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders

Pollack¹,

Humphreys²

2020

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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This article describes evidence-based strategies designed to reduce the prevalence of police encounters with people in behavioral crisis (PBCs) and to make such encounters less dangerous for all parties when they do occur. Some of these strategies are implemented by law enforcement, including gun violence restraining orders and the training of officers to provide time, distance, and cover during encounters with PBCs. Other strategies involve broader systems of community care, including assertive community treatment for people with serious psychiatric disorders, and critical time interventions for individuals leaving incarceration or inpatient psychiatric care. Broader adoption of such strategies should both reduce the risk of police shootings of PBCs as well as improve the effectiveness and well-being of police officers.

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“…In addition to decreasing problematic outcomes, officers in Ellis’ (2014) CIT study reported increased comfort interacting with IMI, as well as more positive attitudes toward this group. More recent research shows that CIT training can reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness across diverse settings (Strassle, 2019). Tucker et al (2012) observed parallels between community law enforcement and incarceration settings and strongly encouraged implementation of the community CIT model in jails and prisons.…”

Section: Mental Health Training Of Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correctional Officer Mental Health Training: Analysis of 52 U.S. Jurisdictions

Kois

Hill

Gonzales

et al. 2019

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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Research indicates correctional officer (CO) mental health training may be effective in facilitating the safety and security of both inmates and COs. We assessed Department of Corrections’ CO preservice (requisite for beginning an official post) mental health training requirements in 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. We obtained information regarding instruction method, training duration, and courses required. Descriptive statistics showed that all jurisdictions require mental health training, ranging from 1.5 to 80 hr ( M = 13.54, SD = 14.58, Mdn = 8). When considering course titles, the most common course topic is crisis intervention ( n = 44, 84.62%). The next most frequent course topics are general psychoeducation ( n = 24, 46.15%), special populations ( n = 12, 23.08%), specific clinical interventions ( n = 7, 13.46%), institutional procedure specific to mental health ( n = 6, 11.54%), and CO mental health and self-care ( n = 4, 7.69%). Future research should examine whether CO mental health training is related to positive mental health outcomes and other important institutional metrics, as well as variations in training and its impact at the national and international levels.

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CIT in small municipalities: Officer‐level outcomes

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Mental illness‐related stigma among probation officers

Mental illness‐related stigma among probation officers

Reducing Violent Incidents between Police Officers and People with Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders

Correctional Officer Mental Health Training: Analysis of 52 U.S. Jurisdictions

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