Citicoline and COVID-19: vis-à-vis conjectured

Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M; Al-Buhadily, Ali K; Al-Gareeb, Ali I; Alorabi, Mohammed; Al-Harcan, Nasser A. Hadi; El‐Bouseary, Maisra M.; Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber

doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02284-6

Cited by 17 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“… 47 , 48 It has been shown that augmentation of AngII in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can activate several inflammatory signaling pathways like NF‐κB, NLRP3 inflammasome and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) with subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines. 49 , 50 SARS‐CoV‐2 can directly activate NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome with the succeeding release of proinflammatory cytokines like IL‐6 and TNF‐α. 51 , 52 Furthermore, the binding of IL‐6 to its IL‐6 receptor trigger other inflammatory signaling pathways like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) which is involved in the release of proinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Cs In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Covid‐19, oxidative stress is developed due to the overproduction of ROS and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity. 15 , 49 The risk factors for the development of oxidative stress in Covid‐19 are old age, male sex, black race, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. 30 , 122 , 123 Exaggerated oxidative stress leads to the propagation of oxidative storm which increases Covid‐19 severity.…”

Section: Oxidative Storm In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Alomair

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid-19 are mainly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid-19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid-19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid-19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS,

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Section: Cs In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Storm In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Alomair

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Furthermore, S1P is involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and infection through transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/ACE2 axis induction. In addition, activation of protective ACE2 is associated with the expression of S1P and S1PR [ 63 , 68 ] (Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Role Of S1p Pathway In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor-dependent effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in COVID-19: the black side of the moon

et al. 2023

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to hyper-inflammation and amplified immune response in severe cases that may progress to cytokine storm and multi-organ injuries like acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. In addition to pro-inflammatory cytokines, different mediators are involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and infection, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lipid found at a high level in plasma, and it is synthesized from sphingomyelin by the action of sphingosine kinase. It is involved in inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and lymphocyte trafficking through G-protein coupled S1P receptors. Reduction of the circulating S1P level correlates with COVID-19 severity. S1P binding to sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) elicits endothelial protection and anti-inflammatory effects during SARS-CoV-2 infection, by limiting excessive INF-α response and hindering mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B action. However, binding to S1PR2 opposes the effect of S1PR1 with vascular inflammation, endothelial permeability, and dysfunction as the concomitant outcome. This binding also promotes nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, causing liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Thus, higher expression of macrophage S1PR2 contributes to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, S1PR1 agonists and S1PR2 antagonists might effectively manage COVID-19 and its severe effects. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the potential conflict in the effects of S1P in COVID-19.

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“…Autophagy, which is necessary for viral clearance, is severely impaired in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 101,102 so activation of autophagy may enhance COVID‐19 recovery. A previous study illustrated that DTN promotes activity of autophagy 103 .…”

Section: Role Of Ryanodine Receptors and Dantrolene In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dantrolene and ryanodine receptors in COVID‐19: The daunting task and neglected warden

Alkazmi

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2023

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Dantrolene (DTN) is a ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist that inhibits Ca 2+ release from stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. DTN is mainly used in the management of malignant hyperthermia. RyRs are highly expressed in immune cells and are involved in different viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), because Ca 2+ is necessary for viral replication, maturation and release. DTN can inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, indicating its potential role in reducing entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. DTN may increase clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and promote coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery by shortening the period of infection. DTN inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) mediated platelets aggregations and thrombosis. Therefore, DTN may inhibit thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 through suppression of platelet NMDA receptors. Moreover, DTN has a neuroprotective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced brain injury through modulation of NMDA receptors, which are involved in excitotoxicity, neuronal injury and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, DTN by inhibiting RyRs may attenuate inflammatory disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated cardio-pulmonary complications. Therefore, DNT could be a promising drug therapy against COVID-19. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regards.

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Citicoline and COVID-19: vis-à-vis conjectured

Cited by 17 publications

References 117 publications

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Receptor-dependent effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in COVID-19: the black side of the moon

Dantrolene and ryanodine receptors in COVID‐19: The daunting task and neglected warden

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