Citicoline improves memory in elderly subjects

Alvarez, X.A.; Laredo, Mikaël; Corzo, Deya; Perea, Jaimee; Daniele, D.; Cacabelos, Ramón

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)87265-4

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…However, choline is hypothesized to have multiple mechanisms of action including acute changes in cholinergic activity, changes in cellular membranes and signaling pathways, and epigenetic modification of gene expression (44,45). The rationale for a short-term intervention was based on the extant literature that has supported the acute effects of choline on cognitive function through the enhancement of brain acetylcholine levels even after treatment periods as short as 90 min (46)(47)(48)(49). However, note that these were studies of normal populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Nguyen

Risbud

Mattson

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure results in a broad range of cognitive and behavioral impairments. Because of the long-lasting problems that are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), the development of effective treatment programs is critical. Preclinical animal studies have shown that choline, which is an essential nutrient, can attenuate the severity of alcohol-related cognitive impairments. Objective: We aimed to translate preclinical findings to a clinical population to investigate whether choline supplementation can ameliorate the severity of memory, executive function, and attention deficits in children with FASDs. Design: In the current study, which was a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we explored the effectiveness of a choline intervention for children with FASDs who were aged 5-10 y. Fifty-five children with confirmed histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were randomly assigned to either the choline (n = 29) or placebo (n = 26) treatment arms. Participants in the choline group received 625 mg choline/d for 6 wk, whereas subjects in the placebo group received an equivalent dose of an inactive placebo treatment. Primary outcomes, including the performance on neuropsychological measures of memory, executive function, and attention and hyperactivity, were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Results: Compared with the placebo group, participants in the choline group did not differentially improve in cognitive performance in any domain. Treatment compliance and mean dietary choline intake were not predictive of treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Findings of the current study do not support that choline, administered at a dose of 625 mg/d for 6 wk, is an effective intervention for school-aged (5-10 y old) children with FASDs. This research provides important information about choline's therapeutic window. Combined with other studies of choline and nutritional interventions in this population, this study emphasizes a further need for the continued study of the role of nutritional status and supplementation in children with FASDs and the contributions of nutrition to neurocognition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01911299.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:1683-92.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Nguyen

Risbud

Mattson

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…CDP-choline improved immediate and delayed logical memory (121). In a second study, oral administration of CDP-choline (500−1000 mg/ day) for four weeks to elderly subjects with memory deficits but without dementia resulted in improved memory in free recall tasks, but not in recognition tests (7). In a double-blind study, patients with early Alzheimer-type dementia were treated with 25 g/day phosphatidylcholine for six months.…”

Section: Choline and Neuronal Function In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline: Critical Role During Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults

2006

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Choline is an essential nutrient needed for the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes; for normal cholinergic neurotransmission; for normal muscle function; for lipid transport from liver; and it is the major source of methyl groups in the diet. Choline is critical during fetal development, when it influences stem cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby altering brain and spinal cord structure and function and influencing risk for neural tube defects and lifelong memory function. Choline is derived not only from the diet, but from de novo synthesis as well. Though many foods contain choline, there is at least a twofold variation in dietary intake in humans. When deprived of dietary choline, most men and postmenopausal women developed signs of organ dysfunction (fatty liver or muscle damage), while less than half of premenopausal women developed such signs. Aside from gender differences, there is significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by very common genetic polymorphisms.

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“…It is a natural precursor of phospholipid synthesis, or rather serves as a choline source in the metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of acetylcholine and neuronal membrane phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. [3][4][5][6] Animal studies suggest that CDP choline may protect cell membranes by accelerating resynthesis of phospholipids. CDP choline may also attenuate the progression of ischemic cell damage by suppressing the release of free fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O4‐12‐05: Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: The IDEALE study

Cotroneo¹,

Putignano²,

Fantò³

et al. 2012

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Background:The studio di intervento nel decadimento vascolare lieve (IDEALE study) was an open multicenter Italian study, the aim of which was to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral citicoline in elderly people with mild vascular cognitive impairment. Methods:The study was performed in 349 patients. The active or citicoline group was composed of 265 patients and included 122 men and 143 women of mean age 79.9 ± 7.8 years selected from six Italian regions. Inclusion criteria were age $ 65 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score $ 21, subjective memory complaints but no evidence of deficits on MMSE, and evidence of vascular lesions on neuroradiology. Those with probable Alzheimer's disease were excluded. The control group consisted of 84 patients, including 36 men and 48 women of mean age 78.9 ± 7.01 (range 67-90) years. Patients included in the study underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and plasma dosage of vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid hormones. Functional dependence was investigated by scores on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales, mood was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and behavioral disorders using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale. Comorbidity was assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale. An assessment was made at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1), and after 9 months (T2, ie, 6 months after T1). The main outcomes were an improvement in MMSE, ADL, and IADL scores in the study group compared with the control group. Side effects were also investigated. The study group was administered oral citicoline 500 mg twice a day throughout the study. Results: MMSE scores remained unchanged over time (22.4 ± 4 at T0; 22.7 ± 4 at T1; 22.9 ± 4 at T2), whereas a significant difference was found between the study and control groups, both in T1 and in T2. No differences were found in ADL and IADL scores between the two groups. A slight but not statistically significant difference was found in GDS score between the study and control groups (P = 0.06). No adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: In this study, citicoline was effective and well tolerated in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment. Citicoline activates biosynthesis of phospholipids in neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism as well as norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the central nervous system, and has neuroprotective effects during hypoxia and ischemia. Therefore, citicoline may be recommended for patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment.

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Citicoline improves memory in elderly subjects

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Choline: Critical Role During Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults

O4‐12‐05: Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: The IDEALE study

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