Citizenship, Legal Status, and Federal Sentencing Outcomes: Examining the Moderating Effects of Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity

Valadez, Mercedes; Wang, X.

doi:10.1080/00380253.2017.1354736

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, research suggests that these practical considerations could work in opposing ways depending on the sentencing outcome examined. Specifically, judges may be more likely to give incarceration sentences to noncitizens to reduce flight risk but give relatively short sentences knowing that deportation proceedings are likely to follow (Valadez and Wang 2017;Wolfe et al 2011).…”

Section: Theoretical Explanations For Noncitizen Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be clear, there have been several noteworthy exceptions that have begun this work (e.g., Light et al 2014;Valadez and Wang 2017;Wolfe et al 2011). However, these studies have been limited in a few ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, prior analyses have often been limited to earlier times points (1990s to early 2000s; e.g. Demuth 2002;Logue 2009;Valadez and Wang 2017;Wolfe et al 2011), a single offense type (e.g., drugs, nonimmigration offenses; e.g. Logue 2009;Valadez and Wang 2017), or to a select set of locales (e.g., Hartley and Armendariz 2011;Wu and DeLone 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citizenship and Sentencing: Assessing Intersectionality in National Origin and Legal Migration Status on Federal Sentencing Outcomes

Koo

Feldmeyer

Holmes

2021

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: This study seeks to understand how national origin and legal migration status of noncitizen defendants in federal criminal courts shape incarceration and sentence length decisions. Method: The authors use annual United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) Monitoring of Federal Criminal Sentences (MFCS) datasets (2011–2016) to examine the impact of defendant’s (1) national origin and (2) legal versus illegal migration status on incarceration and sentence length decisions in federal criminal courts. In addition, in order to account for effects of immigration cases, supplemental analyses are conducted for (1) non-immigration offenses and (2) immigration-only offenses. Results: For the incarceration decision, noncitizen defendants have higher odds of incarceration than U.S. citizens, net of other factors. These effects are less consistent in the sentence length decision. These relationships systemically differ across national origin and legal migration status. Conclusions: Punishment disadvantages based on one’s citizenship are particularly pronounced for defendants from Mexico, Latin America, and Africa and especially for those with “illegal” migration status. As noncitizen populations continue to grow in federal courts and in the U.S. more broadly, understanding and addressing these citizenship disparities in punishment will be increasingly important.

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Section: Theoretical Explanations For Noncitizen Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citizenship and Sentencing: Assessing Intersectionality in National Origin and Legal Migration Status on Federal Sentencing Outcomes

Koo

Feldmeyer

Holmes

2021

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…Height and weight measurements used were directly measured by ECLS staff in spring 2013. Using the CDC BMI-for-age growth charts [42], we constructed a dichotomous variable (0 = No or 1 = Yes) for children meeting the criteria for obese or overweight status. 'Not obese/overweight' was the reference group in Model 1.…”

Section: Child-level Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/Ethnicity, Obesity, and the Risk of Being Verbally Bullied: a National Multilevel Study

Morales

Prieto

Grineski

et al. 2018

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…While extensive scholarly attention to this topic has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge regarding the ways extra-legal characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and sex shape punishment decisions, there has been substantially less focus on whether disparities are conditional on other extra-legal characteristics. Indeed, only a few studies have considered if factors such as citizenship (Demuth, 2002; Light et al, 2014; Tillyer & Hartley, 2016; Valadez & Wang, 2017; Wolfe et al, 2011) or education (Franklin, 2017) condition the influence of race and ethnicity on sentencing outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Dependents and Sentencing Outcomes in Federal District Courts: Variation by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

Testa

Hartley

2020

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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A voluminous literature has detailed disparities in punishment related to extra-legal characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and sex. However, less research has investigated the specific contexts and conditions under which disparities in punishment emerge. Specifically, limited research to date has examined whether family characteristics influence sentencing both directly, and in interaction with race, ethnicity, and sex. The current study investigates this question using data on federal criminal sentences from the United States Sentencing Commission for fiscal years 2015–2017. Findings demonstrate that providing support for dependents generally has a positive association with the likelihood of being incarcerated and overall sentence length. Moreover, the positive association between support for dependents and punishment severity is concentrated among Black male and Hispanic male defendants. Among minority females and White defendants, having dependents has either a negative or null association with sentencing outcomes. Findings are discussed in the context of contemporary theoretical perspectives of punishment.

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Citizenship, Legal Status, and Federal Sentencing Outcomes: Examining the Moderating Effects of Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Citizenship and Sentencing: Assessing Intersectionality in National Origin and Legal Migration Status on Federal Sentencing Outcomes

Citizenship and Sentencing: Assessing Intersectionality in National Origin and Legal Migration Status on Federal Sentencing Outcomes

Race/Ethnicity, Obesity, and the Risk of Being Verbally Bullied: a National Multilevel Study

Financial Dependents and Sentencing Outcomes in Federal District Courts: Variation by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

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