Citometría de flujo en el diagnóstico de inmunopatía

Abstract

Flow cytometry (CMF) is an advanced, highly sensitive and automated technique that is used for the immunophenotyping of normal and leukemic cells. This article shows the main methodological elements and is taken into account for a better development and interpretation of the immunophenotype by CMF, among which are: type, quantity, maintenance and transport of the sample, use of anticoagulants, use of monoclonal antibodies and Fluorochromes, red cell lysate, cell fixation, as well as calibration and compensation of auto-fluorescence. Finally, the main applications of this methodology to define the state of leukemic cell maturation, classify leukemias in different immunological subtypes, identify subgroups of poor prognosis and aberrant phenotypes. The use of flow cytometry in the study of chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes (SLC) has special relevance, as a single diagnosis, a reactive lymphocyte and a monoclonal process and in this case for its diagnostic filiation. The immunophenotype allows the diagnostic classification of SLC in neoplasms of B, T and NK origin. The specific characteristics of the clinical and biological characteristics. The analysis of immunological markers of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) allows a reproducible classification of these malignancies.Thus, the characterization of these malignant diseases is done according to the clinical, morphological and immunological criteria that this guy of the technique allows to analyze.