Citral inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by activating PPAR-γ

Hepatoprotective Effect of Citral on Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice

“…The results showed that citral, even at a higher concentration, was absent from neutrophil toxicity. Our data were also observed by Bachiega and Sforcin [9], Bouzenna et al [23], and Shen et al [8]. …”

“…Furthermore, there are many bioactive substances that are synthesized from constituents of essential oils (mixture of volatile and natural substances) that have some pharmacological activities [7]. In this context, monoterpene citral, an isomeric mixture of neral and geranial, a component of lemongrass oil, has been reported to have many biological activities such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities [8–10]. However, the protective effect of citral on APAP-toxicity remains unclear.…”

Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oil Citral in Experimental Infection with Staphylococcus aureus in a Model Air Pouch

“…In the same way, it was observed in the literature that the EOC at concentrations of 50 and 100  μ g/mL reduced the TNF- α relative expression compared to treatment with LPS [34]. Authors analyzing alveolar macrophages observed that treatment with citral oil in mice with lung injury induced by LPS inhibited TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 levels both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that the EOC can inhibit a possible inflammatory response [18]. It was also demonstrated that the alcoholic extract of lemongrass, which has as major compound citral, reduced the generation of TNF- α in bronchoalveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS, enhancing the anti-inflammatory potential of citral and indicating that modulation of the COX-2 and TNF- α genes can be one of the mechanisms involved in such activity [35].…”

“…In the experiments we used essential oil citral (EOC) provided commercially by Sigma®, and the dosage (40 mg/Kg) used was recommended according to the literature review [16–18], in which less answer variations were presented. For the test run, the citral was diluted in Tween 1%.…”

The update on transcriptional regulation of autophagy in normal and pathologic cells: A novel therapeutic target

“…PPAR gamma is also present in other tissues, such as breast [70,71], colon [72][73][74], lung [75,76], ovary [77,78], prostate [79,80] and thyroid [81,82] wherein it mediates several specific functions, such as early development [83], cell proliferation [84], differentiation [85], apoptosis [86], and metabolic homeostasis [87]. Many investigators [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] reported that PPAR gamma was also involved in the control of transcriptional regulation of autophagy.…”