Citric acid-assisted sol–gel synthesis of nanocrystalline LiMn2O4 spinel as cathode material

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized of Spinel LiMn2O4via Sol-gel and Freeze Drying Methods

“…Finally, Li + ions were adsorbed by the gel combined with the Mn +2 complex to produce LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles at higher temperature in air and the gel was decomposed. 20 In the other synthesis methods the effect of different type of solvents on the synthesis condition are discussed.…”

A new method of pretreatment of lithium manganese spinels and high-rate electrochemical performance of Li[Li0.033Mn1.967]O4

“…increases their rate [16]. To do so, significant efforts are undertaking in the field of sol-gel synthesis of electrode materials with improved electrochemical parameters [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], in particular, using oxyacid metal salts (citrates on the first place) as precursors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. High homogeneity of final products and lower thermal treatment temperatures decrease the probability of particle growth and are considered to be advantages of such approaches.…”

High performances of ultrafine and layered LiCoO2 powders for lithium batteries by a novel sol–gel process

“…Thus, to increase the energy density of the lithium-ion batteries, it is important to look for the suitable cathode materials first, and then to promote the capacity of the cathode materials. According to the comparative search, LiCoO 2 [7], LiNiO 2 [8], and LiMn 2 O 4 [9] are the most attractive candidates for the high capacity cathode materials considered for today's lithium-ion battery technology. Compared with other materials, LiCoO 2 displays several predominant characteristics [10], such as high capacity, good safety, long cycle life, high specific energy, low self-discharge, and a wide range of working temperatures.…”