“…This cagelike structure increases the energy barrier of nitrogen inversion so the lone pair is localized and makes DABCO more susceptible toward quaternization and ionic liquid preparation and further applied in organic reactions. − Regarding the abovementioned notable properties of 1,4-DHP derivatives, their synthetic methods have been investigated in various environmental conditions. − However, most of the research studies have been done on the synthesis of 3-carboxylate derivatives of 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline compared to 3-carbonitrile derivatives. 1,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile was previously synthesized using NH 4 OAc, sulfonated rice husk, nanosized MgO, nano-Fe 3 O 4 @TDI@TiO 2 , citric acid/MCM-48, and K 2 CO 3 catalyst. − Despite the undeniable advantages of these processes, some disadvantages are also present, like the involvement of metal catalysts, nonrecyclable catalysts, high catalyst loading, long reaction time, high temperature, and small substrate scope. Therefore, further efforts are needed to present more proficient and eco-benign methods for the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitriles.…”