Citric Acid-Mediated Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous F-Doped HAp Nanorods from Bio-Waste for Biocidal Implant Applications

Abstract

In this current research, mesoporous nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) and F-doped hydroxyapatite (FHAp) were effectively obtained through a citric acid-enabled microwave hydrothermal approach. Citric acid was used as a chelating and modifying agent for tuning the structure and porosity of the HAp structure. This is the first report to use citric acid as a modifier for producing mesoporous nano HAp and F-doped FHAp. The obtained samples were characterized by different analyses. The XRD data revealed that F is incorporated well into the HAp crystal structure. The crystallinity of HAp samples was improved and the unit cell volume was lowered with fluorine incorporation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the obtained samples revealed that a nano rod-like shape was obtained. The mesoporous structures of the produced HAp samples were confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. In vivo studies performed using zebrafish and C. elegans prove the non-toxic behavior of the synthesized F doped HAp samples. The obtained samples are also analyzed for antimicrobial activity using Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which are majorly involved in implant failure. The F doped samples revealed excellent bactericidal activity. Hence, this study confirms that the non-toxic and excellent antibacterial mesoporous F doped HAp can be a useful candidate for biocidal implant application.

Microwave-plasma induced one-step synthesis of Ni(PO3)2 nanosphere-loaded bio-waste derived N, P co-doped carbon for an asymmetric supercapacitor with prolonged life

“…For example, sulphur (S) doped carbon has been developed from waste tea leaves under microwave irradiation to achieve a capacitance of 144.7 F g À1 at 1 A g À1 but with limited capacitance retention (B54%) performance up to 10 000 cycles. 9 Similarly, N, 10 oxygen (O), 11 P, 12 fluorine (F), 13,14 and boron (B) 15 doped/co-doped bio-waste derived carbon-based supercapacitive electrodes have been investigated but either they suffer from low capacitance and short cycle life or they require multi-step synthesis which limits the scale of production and affordability. So, composites of biowaste derived carbon and suitable transition metal based pseudocapacitive materials like phosphates, 16 phosphides, 17 oxides 18,19 and chalcogenides 20 have been tested to achieve high capacitance with the pseudocapacitive contribution from pseudocapacitive materials and controlled rate and cycle performance from the bio-waste derived carbon network.…”

Polyelectrolyte‐Cation Complexes Using PAsp‐Sr Complexes Induce Biomimetic Mineralization with Antibacterial Ability

“…[18][19][20][21] Fluorine also possesses some antibacterial properties, while the exact mechanisms remain unclear. [18,22] Moreover, strontium has a synergistic antibacterial effect with fluorine. [23] Thus, the Sr&F-codoped HAp could exhibit significant antibacterial activity.…”

Cd stress alleviation in mung-bean seedlings with biogenic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as ecofriendly remediation agents

“…39,40 Citric acid also works as a chelating and modifying agent for the nucleation and growth of HAP. [41][42][43] Inspired by HAP mineralization in vivo, biosynthesis of HAP at moderate pH values with abundant organic matter is a feasible preparation of ecofriendly remediation agents for heavy-metal contamination.…”