Citrinin and endosulfan induced maternal toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: pathomorphological study

Abstract

Dietary exposures to environmental food pollutants such as mycotoxin(s) or pesticide(s) have gained immense significance due to their adverse effects on production and reproduction in animal and human populations. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the maternal toxicity of citrinin (CIT) and endosulfan administered per os either alone or in combination in pregnant rats during gestational days 6-20. CIT (group I, 10 mg kg(-1) feed, through diet) and endosulfan (group II, 1 mg kg(-1) body weight, by oral intubation) when administered either alone or in combination (group III) in Wistar rats caused clinical signs of toxicity and pathomorphological changes in all the toxin treated groups, the severity being more pronounced in the combination treatment compared with that observed in the control (group IV). The rate of fetal resorptions was highest (22.22%) in the combination treatment followed by endosulfan (16.48%) and CIT (12.50%) treatment groups compared with the control group (3.86%). The histopathological changes such as engorged vasculature, vacuolar degeneration and karyomegaly in liver; congestion, tubular degeneration and cast formation in kidneys; vascular changes and hemosiderosis in uterus and lymphocytic depletion and apoptosis in the lymphoid organs were recorded in the animals of the toxin treated groups. The lesions were consistent and more severe in the combination treatment group compared with the individual treatment groups, suggesting an additive interaction of CIT and endosulfan in inducing maternal toxicity in Wistar rats.

The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug “U-74389g” on Uterus Congestion During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats

“…20% of women dropped out of the study essentially for breast tenderness, weight increase, spotting and nausea during continued 10 cycles use of a new triphasic oral contraceptive (WL-49(50) 'Trinordiol') containing the lowest quantity of steroids in 75 healthy teenager young women. Singh ND et al, recorded [24] vascular changes and hemosiderosis in uterus associated with lymphocytic depletion and apoptosis in the lymphoid organs in induced toxic Wistar rats.…”

Toxic Manifestation of Endosulfan and Ochratoxin- A in Adult Male Rats

“…Our finding on reduction weight are consistent are with previous reports. 18,19 The study further revealed OTA-induced normocytic hypochromic anemia. There was also reduction in total leukocyte count marked by lymphocytopenia along with increase in neutrophil percentage.…”

Effects of red monascal rice supplementation on growth, digestive function and oocyte maturation in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910)

“…Effects of the mycotoxin citrinin on inhibiting the maturation of oocytes, fertilization efficiency and fetal development have been investigated (Chan and Shiao, 2007;Chan, 2008). Moreover, citrinin plays a potent role in inducing maternal toxicity (Singh et al, 2007b) and teratogenic effects in Wistar rats (Singh et al, 2007a). This is similar to its toxic effect on the male reproductive system, increasing the number of abnormal spermatozoa and decreasing the number of live spermatozoa (Qingqing et al, 2012).…”

“…produces up to 2.5 g kg -1 citrinin, while liquid culture has reached as high as 56 mg kg -1 (Eisenbrand, 2006). This compound has been found to induce reproductive abnor-malities in male gametes (Qingqing et al, 2012), and to reduce the rate of oocyte maturation and fertilization (Chan, 2008); it also has a teratogenic effect (Chan and Shiao, 2007;Singh et al, 2007a;Chan, 2008), and has induced maternal toxicity in pregnant rats (Singh et al, 2007b). Moreover, it has been associated with cytoto-xicity (Liu et al, 2005) and the activation of apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway (Yu et al, 2006).…”