Citrobacter: An emerging health care associated urinary pathogen

Ranjan, K. P.; Ranjan, Neelima

doi:10.4103/0974-7796.120297

Cited by 62 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The genus Citrobacter , a member of the Enterobacterales family, is commonly found in water, soil, and the guts of humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that Citrobacter freundii , as the representative within Citrobacter species, is emerging as the cause of a variety of opportunistic infections involving urinary tract, respiratory tract, and wound infections ( 1 – 3 ). Recently, the escalating increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, particularly carbapenemase-producing (CP) C. freundii , poses a serious threat to public health on an international scale ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from Healthy Individuals and Patients in China

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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The emergence of mcr homologues posed a serious threat to the therapeutic efficiency of polymyxin antibiotics. Citrobacter freundii is generally regarded as an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of nosocomial infections. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. isolates from healthy individuals and infected patients and highlighted the importance of the rational use of antibiotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from Healthy Individuals and Patients in China

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Citrobacter spp. infection can be transmitted internally from the mother or laterally from carriers or other hospital sources [69][70][71][72]. Oral enterococcal colonies have the appropriate virulence characteristics, particularly antimicrobial resistance, to make them suitable candidates that might cause oral or systemic infections [57,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dextranase and Dextranase-and-Nisin-Containing Mouthwashes on Oral Microbial Community of Healthy Adults—A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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This study analyzed the alteration of oral microbial composition in healthy subjects after using dextranase-containing mouthwash (DMW; Mouthwash formulation I) and dextranase-and-nisin-containing mouthwash (DNMW; Mouthwash formulation II). Eighteen participants were recruited and were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (DMW user; n = 8) and G2 (DNMW user; n = 10). The subjects were instructed to use the provided mouthwash regularly twice a day for 30 days. The bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PBD), and gingival index (GI) were analyzed, and saliva samples were collected before (day 0) and after (day 30) the use of mouthwashes. The saliva metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced (next-generation sequencing, Miseq paired-end Illumina 2 × 250 bp platform). The oral microbial community in the pre-and post-treated samples were annotated using QIIME 2™. The results showed the PI and PBD values were significantly reduced in G2 samples. The BOP and GI values of both groups were not significantly altered. The post-treated samples of both groups yielded a reduced amount of microbial DNA. The computed phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and evenness were reduced significantly in the post-treated samples of G2 compared to the post-treated G1 samples. The mouthwash formulations also supported some pathogens’ growth, which indicated that formulations required further improvement. The study needs further experiments to conclude the results. The study suggested that the improved DNMW could be an adjuvant product to improve oral hygiene.

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“…No case reports were found describing cervical C. freundii lymphadenitis. There have been reported cases of C. freundii causing brain abscesses, cardiac tamponade, sepsis in an immunosuppressed patient and pneumonia, urinary tract infections and thyroiditis in immunocompetent patients 5–10. Neonates, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly are at an increased risk of C. freundii infections 11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma of cervical adenitis in an adult

2022

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Citrobacter freundii infections have not been previously described as an aetiology for lymphadenitis in healthy adults. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections typically occur in young children or immunocompromised individuals, with few cases seen in adults. A woman in her 20s presented with lymphadenitis that was subsequently positive for C. freundii and NTM on needle biopsy and was treated with antibiotics. The patient was followed up for 3 months with regular ultrasound scans and is currently asymptomatic. The excisional biopsy was cancelled as a result. This case highlights the complexity of making a diagnosis in some patients with cervical adenopathy, and as such, it is crucial to use the patient’s clinical course to guide treatment modalities. Contamination was a possibility in this case given the number of organisms shown on biopsy and the lack of response to treatment, and we provide an approach to management in this case of uncertainty.

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Citrobacter: An emerging health care associated urinary pathogen

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from Healthy Individuals and Patients in China

Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from Healthy Individuals and Patients in China

Effect of Dextranase and Dextranase-and-Nisin-Containing Mouthwashes on Oral Microbial Community of Healthy Adults—A Pilot Study

Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma of cervical adenitis in an adult

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