Citrobacter as a uropathogen, its prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern

Sami, Hiba; Sultan, Asfia; Rizvi, Meher; Khan, Fatima; Ahmad, Shamshad; Shukla, Indu; Khan, Haris

doi:10.4103/2348-3334.196037

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Sami et al found that Citrobacter species isolated from UTI patients were sensitive to Imipenem (100), Amikacin (85.2%), and Gentamicin (77.4%), which is consistent with our findings. In addition, they found sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin (66.1%), Ciprofloxacin (56.2%), Ceftriaxone (50.9%), and cefotaxime (43.3%) which are lower than ours 52 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

Gharavi

Zarei

Roshani-Asl

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Nowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial classes and making the treatment difficult. In order to achieve an appropriate treatment option, identification of the prevalent species which generate ESBL as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and assess their drug susceptibility in Fardis Town, Iran. A total of 21,604 urine samples collected from patients suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed in the current study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing bacteria were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) procedure. Bacterial growth was detected in 1408 (6.52%) cases. The most common bacterial strains causing UTI were found E. coli (72.16%), followed by K. pneumoniae (10.3%) and S. agalactiae (5.7%). Overall, 398 (28.26%) were ESBL producer. The highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species. ESBL producers revealed a higher level of antibiotic resistance compared with non-ESBLs. In conclusion, ESBL production in uropathogens was relatively high. Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides were confirmed as the most effective treatment options for these bacteria.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

Gharavi

Zarei

Roshani-Asl

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The work of [29] also found that C. koseri were the predominant urine pathogen and recorded high rates of resistance to cefexime, amox-cla and cephaloxin. In addition, according to [30], some Citrobacter isolates contain chromosomally mediated β-lactamases such as Cephalosporinase and Penicillinase that have led to the emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure despite initial susceptibility [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of ESBL gene in Citrobacter spp. and antibacterial activity of omega-3 against resistant isolates

Darweesh

2017

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter spp., phenotypically and genotypically, to β-lactam antibiotics, then to evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. Herein, 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from 100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during JuneDecember 2016. Clinical samples were then cultured on specific media, thereafter, isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter spp. comprise 19/78 (24%) of positive bacterial growth on macConky agar, from which 14.1% were C. freundii, C. koseri represented 6.1% and C. farmeri were 3.8% of the total. The results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that all Citrobacter 100% isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin, but were sensitive to imipinim. Moreover, the isolates initally showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, by confirmatory test, the results observed that 17/19 (89.4%) of the isolated were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL -producers). Finally, using the PCR technique to detect bla Genes , the results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing Citrobacter harbored one or more ESBL genes. These included 10 isolates of C. freundii and 4 isolates of C. koseri. In related work, extracts of essential fatty acid semicarbazide -omega3 (EFASC) from Linum usitatissium (Flaxseed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates. The results demonstrate the broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of multi-drug resistance MDR Citrobacter spp. as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering the antibacterial activity of EFASC that displayed high activity against resistant pathogens, deservedly, attention must be paid to developing their use as alternative antibiotics.

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“…In a retrospective analysis carried out from January 2009 to December 2010 using urine samples from 4126 patients in India, Citrobacter was found to be the third most common causative agent of UTIs in hospitalized patients, next only to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., accounting for up to 9.4% of all isolates (Peerapur et al, 2013). Similarly, in another study (Sami et al, 2017) conducted in Northern India, among 246 patients who tested positive for Citrobacter spp., C. amalonaticus was reported in 9.75% of the patients. A study (Garcia et al, 2016) reporting four cases of C. amalonaticus infection in patients hospitalized in Marseille, France, using MALDI-TOF technique observed statistically higher prevalence of the UTI episodes, thereby indicating that this bacterium could be an emerging pathogen responsible for UTIs in immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Phenotypic Characterization and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Novel Bacteriophage HCF1 Infecting Citrobacter amalonaticus and C. freundii

2021

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Citrobacter species often occur in sewage, food, soil, wastewater, and in the intestinal tract of animals and humans. Citrobacter spp. cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and infantile meningitis in humans. Due to the presence of plasmid-encoded resistance genes, Citrobacter spp. are often resistant to many antibiotics. In this study, Citrobacter virus HCF1, a novel virulent bacteriophage capable of killing Citrobacter amalonaticus and Citrobacter freundii, was isolated from the sewage water. The isolated bacteriophage was characterized with respect to transmission electron microscopy, one-step growth curve, host range, in vitro efficacy, storage stability, and environmental stress tolerance. The one-step growth curve analysis revealed that the latent period of HCF1 was 30 min and the estimated burst size was 121 plaque-forming units (PFU) per bacterial cell. Host range testing indicated that the HCF1 was specific to the Citrobacter genus. In vitro efficacy assay in the effluent of an anaerobic biodigester showed that the HCF1 completely eliminated the host within 4 and 5 h at MOI:100 and MOI:10, respectively, thereby indicating its potential for combating C. amalonaticus infections. The isolated bacteriophage is considerably stable and tolerant to environmental stress. Furthermore, the complete genome of HCF1 was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore sequencing and the data were subjected to detailed bioinformatic analyses. NCBI-BLASTn analysis revealed that the HCF1 genome had a query coverage of 15–21% and a maximum similarity of 77.27–78.49% with 11 bacteriophages of the Drexlerviridae family. Detailed bioinformatic analysis of the genome profile suggests that HCF1 is a novel T1svirus belonging to the Tempevirinae subfamily of the Drexlerviridae family.

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Citrobacter as a uropathogen, its prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

Molecular characterization of ESBL gene in Citrobacter spp. and antibacterial activity of omega-3 against resistant isolates

Phenotypic Characterization and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Novel Bacteriophage HCF1 Infecting Citrobacter amalonaticus and C. freundii

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