Citrus Decline: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition

Srivastava, Anoop Kumar; Singh, Shyam

doi:10.1080/01904160802592706

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Similarly, other studies of citrus showed that low fruit yield was related to soils with heavy clay coupled with low noncapillary pore space and high soil compaction (Lai and Yin, 2003). Recently, Srivastava and Singh (2009) also reported that tree decline and poor root growth of citrus was due, at least in part, to soil compaction and poor drainage in clay soils. High bulk soil density and soil texture negatively impacted rooting in several species, including pea (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil water-to-air ratio on biomass and mineral nutrition of avocado trees

Gil

Bonomelli

Schaffer

et al. 2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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In Chile, expansion of avocado production has resulted in many orchards established in marginal soils that are poorly drained and have high soil water-to-air ratios when soil moisture is at field capacity. However, avocado trees are sensitive to poor soil aeration. A study was conducted to determine the effects of different soil waterto-air ratios (W/A) on biomass and nutrient content of avocado trees. Two-yearold avocado trees were grown for 2 seasons in containers in soils, with different W/A, collected from different avocado growing regions of Chile. There were five treatments corresponding to each of the five soils. At field capacity, the two-season average W/A was 1.7, 1.3, 0.6, 0.4 or 0.3 for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, or T5, respectively. The same amount of fertilizer was applied to each soil. Mineral element concentrations and total mineral element contents in leaves, shoots, wood and roots were determined for each tree in each treatment at the end of the experimental period. Shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area and leaf retention were also determined. Although all treatments showed non-limiting soil oxygen conditions for avocado root growth, trees in soils with lower W/A had greater shoot and root dry weights and longer autumn leaf retention. Macro-and micronutrient concentrations in any plant tissue were not related to soil W/A. However, total tissue contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, C, N and B in roots and whole plants were highest in treatments with lower soil W/A. The results indicate that soil W/A significantly affects growth and mineral nutrition of avocado trees and should be considered for avocado site selection and management.Abbreviations: W/A = soil water-to-air ratio; q = volumetric soil water content; ODR = oxygen diffusion rate; BD = bulk density; FC = field capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil water-to-air ratio on biomass and mineral nutrition of avocado trees

Gil

Bonomelli

Schaffer

et al. 2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…This was related to a lower soil oxygen diffusion rate in clays soils than in the other soil types [4]. Srivastava and Singh [30] associated low yields in citrus species with poorly aerated fine soil textures and compacted soils, indicating poor root development, which affected water and nutrient absorption. Among nutrient elements for which uptake can be limited by soil texture, Ca and K have been indicated [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Soil Type on Calcium Absorption and Partitioning in Young Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Trees

2019

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A two-year study was conducted to determine how soil texture affects calcium (Ca) absorption and partitioning in potted ‘Hass’ avocado trees. Trees were planted in 200 L pots in one of four soil types: clay (C), clay loam (CL), sandy loam (SL) or sand (S). Prior to planting, Ca content in each soil was in the normal range of availability, although the Ca concentration was highest in C soil. After two years of tree development, dry weights of shoots and roots were significantly higher in the SL and S soils than in C soil. Trees in the C soil had higher wood dry weight than trees in SL or S soils. The Ca contents (absolute quantities, not concentrations) in the roots, shoots and whole tree were significantly lower in the C soil than in the SL or S soils. The K/Ca ratio of trees in the C soil (K/Ca = 1.5) was significantly higher than that in the other soil types. Stem water potential was significantly lower for trees in the C soil compared to the other soils. These results indicate that Ca absorption and partitioning in young avocado trees varies with soil texture, probably associated with soil effects on root growth and/or plant water status.

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“…This may reflect the uneven distribution of phytoplasmas in plants, loss of phytoplasma in the intervening years or a previous misdiagnosis. Apparently, there are no reports of citrus decline being caused by a phytoplasma in other countries, and most evidence suggests that the syndrome commonly referred to as ‘decline’ is in fact the result of nutrient deficiency and soil quality (Srivastava & Singh, 2009). The only confirmed phytoplasma disease of citrus is lime witches’ broom, which is caused by a 16SrII‐C ‘ Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a real‐time LAMP isothermal assay for detecting 16SrII and XII phytoplasmas in fruit and weeds of the Ethiopian Rift Valley

et al. 2010

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A study to investigate the association of phytoplasmas with papaya dieback and citrus decline syndromes in Ethiopia was carried out between July 2009 and February 2010, with sampling performed in major papaya-and citrus-growing areas of the Rift Valley. Samples of plants with symptoms were collected from papaya, citrus and suspected phytoplasma weed hosts and crops in and around the papaya and citrus fields studied. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was used for initial characterization, using primers that amplify regions of the 16S rRNA and secA genes, and results were then confirmed with rapid real-time group-specific LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assays. The results identified the occurrence of a phytoplasma belonging to the stolbur (16SrXII-A) group in papaya plants showing dieback symptoms, whilst no phytoplasmas were found associated with citrus decline. These results contradict previous reports that a 16SrII phytoplasma was associated with both papaya dieback and citrus decline in Ethiopia, but correspond with the association of a 16SrXII phytoplasmas with Nivum-Haamir-Dieback of papaya in Israel and papaya dieback in Australia. No 16SrXII phytoplasmas were found in any of the weeds and potential alternative hosts studied, although 16SrII phytoplasmas were consistently found in Parthenium hysterophorus weed plants. These results indicate that a 16SrXII phytoplasma is associated with papaya dieback in Ethiopia, whilst the causal agent of citrus decline is not a phytoplasma and remains unidentified.

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Citrus Decline: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition

Cited by 79 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of soil water-to-air ratio on biomass and mineral nutrition of avocado trees

Effect of soil water-to-air ratio on biomass and mineral nutrition of avocado trees

Effect of Soil Type on Calcium Absorption and Partitioning in Young Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Trees

Use of a real‐time LAMP isothermal assay for detecting 16SrII and XII phytoplasmas in fruit and weeds of the Ethiopian Rift Valley

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