Citrus flavanone naringenin enhances melanogenesis through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mouse melanoma cells

Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenic and Cytotoxic Activities of Phlomis caucasica on Human Melanoma SKMEL-3 Cells

“…Naringenin, as a well-known flavanone of Citrus fruits, enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis by increasing the expression of melanogenic enzymes (21). Recently, the mechanisms underlying the activities of naringenin on melanogenesis have been investigated by Huang et al (22). They explained that naringenin had no cytotoxic effects on B16-F10 melanoma cells at concentrations ranging from 3 to 50 µM.…”

“…In addition, iridoid glycosides, a main chemical group which are found in the genus Phlomis plants, have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties (6,(22)(23)(24)(25). For example, geniposide, an iridoid glycoside was found in P. younghusbandii (26) enhanced melanogenesis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase, a downstream kinase of c-kit signaling and stimulation of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in norepinephrineexposed normal human epidermal melanocyte (13).…”

Inhibition of melanogenesis by β‐caryophyllene from lime mint essential oil in mouse B16 melanoma cells

“…The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco â , Longley, OK, USA) in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO 2 in air at 37°C [17]. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco â , Longley, OK, USA) in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO 2 in air at 37°C [17].…”

Citrus Fruits and their Bioactive Ingredients: Leading Four Horsemen from Front

“…The intracellular accumulation of β-cateninhas been observed in both flavonoids in succession. Firstly, it had been reported that naringenin induces melanogenesis through promoting the intracellular accumulation of β-catenin as well as the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) (Huang et al, 2011). Furthermore, another study from same group shows that hesperetin increases the lever of intracellular β-catenin by stimulatingthe activation of GSK3β, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), andcAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein in melanoma cells (Huang et al, 2012).Consistent with these reports, a more recent study shows that hesperetin stimulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathwayand subsequently suppresses the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation mediated by high glucose in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) .…”

“…β-catenin accumulated intracellularly and phosphorylated from of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) also increased in naringenin treated cells. It was concluded that naringenin promoted melanogenesis through Wnt-β-catenin-mediated cascade (Huang et al, 2011).…”